Basics of Mutual Funds

1. Basics of Mutual Fund

2. I am an investor and where to invest my money??? Currencies Bonds and Fixed Deposits Real Estate Equity Commodities (Gold/Silver

3. One stop shop for investment products.

4. What is Mutual Fund? • It is a pool of money, invested by number of investors, who share a common financial goal. • There are few key pointers: • Pool of money, invested by number of investors: • It means, this is a product, wherein various investor invest their money in one basket and then the manager of the fund invest in different investment products.

5. What is Mutual Fund? • To share a common financial goal: • The main agenda of investment for any one is to earn profit/returns. As a renowned statement once said, “higher the risk higher the profit…” • Equity: High risk, high return • Bonds: Lower risk, lower return • Saving Bank A/C: Lowest risk, lowest return. • So, there are various investors and has various definition of profits. • Mutual Fund has all kind of products to cater every kind of investors’ needs.

7. Advantages of Mutual Fund • Diversification: (don’t put all eggs in one basket) • Mutual Fund, is a pool of investment, wherein many investor invest their money, and this money is invested in various number of shares, bonds etc. which reduces the risk of capital for an investor. This is a beauty of a mutual fund, with a small amount of an investor get invested various sectors.

8. Continued: • If one investor invested Rs. 10,000 in Kingfisher in 2012, his current market value is in negative. • On another side, if an investor invests Rs. 5,000 in Kingfisher and another one is in ITC, his current market value is in profit. This will make his entire investment amount is in profit. • Liquidity: (Invest any time, redeem any time) • In mutual fund, you can withdraw (redeem) your investment at any period of time. Unlike, Real estate wherein selling as asset is very time consuming.

9. Advantages: • Tax Benefits: (tax is an important concern in investment) • In equity fund, returns are tax free after one year. • Invested in equity linked saving scheme (ELSS) upto Rs. 1 lacs u/s 80C • Invested in Rajiv Gandhi Saving Scheme (RGSS) upto Rs. 25,000 u/s 80CCG. • Professional Management: (Managed by Fund Manager) • Mutual Fund is like a doctor of investors’ fund, it manage it with complete professionally. The team of research & investment has a sound knowledge and experience in their respective field. And, every fund has a designated Fund Manager.

10. Systematic Transaction Facility: • In Mutual Fund, investor has an option to do the transaction on a regular basis i.e. Monthly/weekly/quarterly etc. • Systematic Investment Plan (SIP): In this an investor can invest regularly in systematic manner. This is best for a young investor and who like to save some money regularly. • Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP): In this investor can withdraw (redeem) his investment in instalment. This is best for the investor who wants regular income. • Systematic Transfer Plan (STP): In this investor can transfer his fun from scheme A to scheme B regularly. It is a good strategy, if someone wants to book profit, and the same time want to invest in a safe fund where he can earn some risk free returns. • For example STP from a equity scheme to debt scheme

11. Structure of Mutual Fund

12. Example:

13. What is the role of an AMC? • This is an important part of a mutual fund structure, so we are discussing it in detail: • Role of an AMC: • To manage investors’ fund on day-to-day basis. • Working for smooth process of managing investors’ fund and appointing proper departments to handle the process effectively. • Improve the sales of mutual fund’s schemes. Via • Appointing its own sales team • Empanelling (connecting) with maximum number of distributors. • Engage marketing activities for investors. • To adhere all the rules of regulations of industry. • On behalf of all these activities AMC charges fees.

14. Regulators: • Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI): • SEBI is a regulator of Indian Mutual Fund, so all the fund houses in India has to adhere the rules & regulations of SEBI. These regulations has been mentioned in • “SEBI Mutual Fund Regulation Act, 1996” • Apart from this, as Mutual Fund is a trust, so it have to adhere the rules of • Indian Companies Act, 1956 & Indian Trust Act, 1882. • Association of Mutual Fund In India: • It is an association created to enhance the mutual fund industry, to adhere the best sales practice and educate investors about mutual fund. • One key member of every AMC is a part of AMFI. • U.K. Sinha is Chairman of SEBI • Milind Barve is chairman of AMFI

15. What is New Fund Offer (NFO) • Whenever an AMC launches a new scheme, it is known as NEW FUND OFFER (NFO) • This is for the period of 15 days (except ELSS) • NFO of ELSS fund has a period of 20 days. • In NFO, the units are allotted at Rs. 10 which is as same as a cost price of a new scheme, which is also known as Face Value. • This face value is also use at the time of declaration of dividend as same as it function in equities. • For Example: MotilalOswal AMC, has launched its new scheme called MOSt Focus Mid Cap 30, which has NFO period of 15 days dated 3rd Feb, 2013 to 17th Feb 2013. At this time units were allotted at Rs. 10.

16. What is NAV… & Why it is important? Net Asset Value: In laymen terms, it is a price of a scheme, like any other product which has its own price. If anyone wants to invest in a particular scheme, it invests as per its current NAV & anyone wants to redeem his investment, redeem at current NAV. How it calculated?

17. Net Asset Value (NAV) If an AMC invested Rs. 10,000 in equity market & current value is Rs. 12,000. The expenses incurred in handling funds is Rs. 500. No. of units allotted to its all investors is 1,000. So NAV if scheme is; Assets: Rs. 12,000 Liabilities: Rs. 500. No. of units: 1,000. NAV= (12,000-500)/1,000 ; 11,500/1,000 NAV= Rs. 11.5

18. Why NAV is important? • It is important for a various reason; • It is a price of a scheme. • Current NAV of any scheme, describes the performance of the fund. • For example: • If a scheme launched in Feb, 2012 & allotted units @ Rs. 10. after 6 months, NAV of a fund is Rs. 12, (scheme has given 20% returns), after an year if NAV is Rs. 8, scheme is in negative 20% from the date of NFO.

19. Why NAV fluctuates?? There are four reason of which NAV fluctuates: Performance of investment: Fund manager invests the money into various securities, the performance of these securities impact NAV. (if price of invested securities increases, NAV increases & vice versa). Investment & redemption: If investor invest in Mutual Fund, he becomes the member of fund house, his entry and exit impact on the NAV. Like; if an investor invested in a particular scheme, it will increase the asset of a fund, so NAV will increase, and if someone redeems, it take out the money from fund, so asset side reduces, so NAV reduces.

20. Expenses of scheme: If a scheme has huge expenses due to portfolio restructuring, marketing expense, distribution expenses etc. It impacts inversely with NAV. Higher the expenses, lower the NAV. So, always check the expense ratio of a fund, before investing. Note: SEBI, tracks the expense incurred by an AMC in a particular scheme, if any excess amount that has be borne by AMC.) Declaration of Dividend: If a scheme declares dividend, and after the payment of dividend, NAV of a fund. Reduces, because bank balance has been reduces because of payment has made by an AMC. If a scheme declares dividend of Re.1, then NAV of next day (ex-dividend NAV) reduces by Re.1

21. What is Units? It is like share in equity, wherein mutual fund allots units in against of investment made by an investor. Allotment of units is based on face value in the time of NFO , and post-NFO is based on NAV. For example: If an investor invested Rs. 1 lacs in a Scheme A in NFO, he will get; Rs. 1 lacs/ Rs. 10 = 10,000 units. If invested post-NFO, and NAV of scheme is Rs, 20, at the time of investment, he will get, Rs. 1 lacs / Rs. 20 = 5,000 units allotted

22. What are the expenses in Mutual Fund? There are only two direct expenses in mutual fund for an investor: Entry Load: When an investor invests in a mutual fun, it gets a charge of small amount let’s say 0.5% 0f NAV, which is known as entry load. Hence now entry load is NIL. Exit Load: When an investor wants to redeem (withdraw) his investment, AMC charges a small amount let’s say 1% of NAV, which is known as exit load. Expense Ratio: It is not directly charged to investors, however this expenses is adjusted in NAV and it is charged on the total funds collected in a scheme. This has a beauty that this charge is get distributed among all the investor.

23. What is Sales price & Repurchase Price? • Sales Price: This is a price when an investor invest. It is calculated by; • Sales price = NAV + Entry Load • If one investor invested Rs. 10,000 in a fund & NAV is Rs. 20, entry load is 1%, the sales price will be; • Rs. 20 + (Rs. 20 X 1% • Rs. 20 + Rs. 0.2 • Rs. 20.2 • Note: Now entry load is NIL, so sales price is as same as NAV

24. Repurchase Price: This is a price when an investor redeems his investment. • It is calculated by; • Repurchase price = NAV – Exit Load • If one investor wants to redeem 1,000 units, in a fund & NAV is Rs. 20, ext load is 1%, the repurchase price will be; • Rs. 20 - (Rs. 20 X 1%) • Rs. 20 - Rs. 0.2 • Rs. 19.8 • Note: If an investor hold his investment for a long period of time (let’s say for more than a year) exit load become NIL.

25. Asset Classes: There are majorly three types of classes of an asset. • Equity • Debt • Gold • Asset Allocations: A major part of assets of a scheme is its investment, and it has to allocate it carefully among the desired asset classes. • Portfolio: It is a list of companies wherein a fund manager will invests the collected fund.

26. Asset Under Management (AUM): This is a fund collected by an AMC including all the schemes it has launched till date. • HDFC Mutual Fund has maximum amount of AUM (Rs. 104,000 Cr.) • Corpus: It is a total amount collected under one particular scheme.

27. What is an Offer Document?? It is a prospectus of a mutual fund, like in our college we use to get prospectus of a college at the time of joining that college, which includes all the information of this college, likewise, in OFFER DOCUMENT all the important information of a mutual fund and related parties like AMC, sponsor, trustees etc. is informed. It is divided into two parts: Scheme Information Document (SID): In this the detailed information of a scheme is mentioned, like NFO open date, close date etc. fund manager’s name and his experience, objective of the fund, asset allocation etc. Statement of Additional Information (SAI):This includes all the information of a mutual fund, like detailed information of sponsor, trustee, AMC, RTA & their rights & obligation, investors’ right and obligations. Legal information about the fund house.

28. What is KIM? • Key information Memorandum (KIM) • It is a abridged (short) version of offer document. This includes key pointers of a particular scheme, and it is mandatory for an AMC to distribute to the investor with the application form of a scheme. • It includes: • NFO details (NFO Open date, close date etc.) • Fund Manager’s information • Investment details and criteria • Application forms • Asset allocations, etc.

29. Pariksha 3 • Who can invest in Mutual Fund? • Individual • Insurance, Banks etc. • NRI • All of the above

30. Which of the following is not an advantages of Mutual Fund? • Diversification • Liquidity • Tailormade portfolio • None of the above

31. What is the benefit of diversifications? • Gets exposure of more no. Of products/shares • Investor gets the right to pick his favourite stocks • It reduces the risk of loss from one products. • Both 1 and 2 • All 1, 2 & 3

32. 4. Why returns in mutual fund is guaranteed? • Because it has the exposure in equity. • Because all the asset classes are traded in the market & it moves according to the sentiments of the market • Because fund manager doesn’t have the knowledge of the market. • 1 & 2

33. 5. What is a golden rule of investment? • Don’t put all eggs in one basket • Men are from mars and women are from venus • Double your money by investing in equity • Real estate creates maximum wealth

34. 6. AMFI stands for? • Association of Most Focused Investors • Association of Mutual fund in India • Association of Main fund of India • Association of Major funds in India

35. 7. AMFI is involve in: • Setting guidelines for mutual funds to follow best selling practices. • Conducting awareness programme for investors. • Regulating distributors of Mutual Funds • All of the above

36. 8. AMFI is regulator of Mutual Fund: • True • False

37. 9. SEBI is the regulator of Mutual Fund under: • SEBI Mutual Fund Regulation Act, 1956 • SEBI Mutual Fund Regulation Act, 1992 • SEBI Mutual Fund Regulation Act, 1996 • SEBI Mutual Fund Regulation Act, 1881

38. 10. SEBI stands for: • Share exchange board of India • Stock exchange board of India • Securities & exchange Board of India • None of the above

39. 11. Role of an AMC is: • To regulate the industry • To launch a new scheme • To protect the investor from the losses • To manage the funds of investors’ investment

40. 12. Registrar & transfer Agent (RTA) is appointed by AMC for: • To give best service to the client • To issue units & dividend, redemption cheques. • To solve the query of investors. • All of the above

41. 13. Sponsor, who initiates to launch a mutual fund: • False • True

42. 14. NFO is a period when a new scheme launched by an AMC: • False • True

43. 15. If an investor wants to redeem his investment in NFO, at what price he can redeem? • Rs. 10 • Current NAV • He cannot redeem • NAV – exit load

44. 16. In NFO units are allotted at: • Rs. 10 • Current NAV • NAV – entry load

45. 17. NAV is: • Total Assets – Total Liabilities • Total Assets/No. Of units issues • (Total Assets- Total Liabilities)/No. Of units issued • Total Liabilities/ No. Of units issued

46. 18. A fund has invested Rs. 20,000 in market and its current market value is Rs. 25,000 and fund expenses is Rs. 1,000 and no. Of units allotted to investor is 2,000. NAV will be? • Rs. 12 • Rs. 9.5 • Rs. 13 • Rs. 10

47. 19. If current NAV is Rs. 15, and an investor wants to invest Rs. 60,000, how many units will be allotted? • 4,000 • 6,000 • 8,000 • 12,000

48. 20. NAV of the fund is Rs. 20 and exit load is 1%, what will be the sales price? • Rs. 20 • Rs. 20.20 • Rs 19.80 • Rs. 22

49. 21. What is repurchase price? • NAV- Entry Load • NAV + Exit Load • NAV – Exit Load • NAV + Entry Load

50. 22. Offer Document is: • Combination of SID & SAI • In SID, all scheme information about the scheme is mentioned • In SAI, all detailed information of fund house is mentioned. • All of the above