2005 Governor’s Conference for Women Fad or Fact? Confusions & Confessions about Healthy Diets

1. 2005 Governor’s Conference for WomenFad or Fact?Confusions & Confessions about Healthy Diets Eleanor B. Pella, M.S., R.D., L.D.N. Public Health Nutrition Consultant Pennsylvania Department of Health

2. Fad or Fact?Presentation Outline • What FACTS do we know about our diets? • What FACTS do we know about our health? • What FADS are beneficial, hope or hype? • What FUNCTIONAL FACTS can you use to evaluate diets and health? • What is your response to social marketing advertisements?

4. FAD or FACT?Confusion & Confessions about Diets • What is your goal or objective? • Vanity & Physical Looks • Health & Quality of Life

5. FACT DIAITA (dye-eh-shah) A manner of LIVING: Live to EAT Or Eat to LIVE

6. FACTWebster’s Definition of HEALTH Sound mind, body & spirit Freedom from physical disease Flourishing condition

7. Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about our diets • FIVE of the leading causes of death in Pennsylvania are related to food and lifestyle choices. • Heart Disease • Cancer • Diabetes • Hypertension • Stroke

8. Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about our health • 61% of adults in Pennsylvania are overweight with a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 • 24% of those adults are obese with a BMI > 30 Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Pennsylvania Department of Health, 2004.

9. Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about available healthy foods • There were 43,870 acres of fresh produce harvested in Pennsylvania in 2003. • There are 31,628 eating and drinking establishments in Pennsylvania. • There are 166 Farmer’s Markets in Pennsylvania. Source: Pennsylvania Department of Health, 2003

10. Pennsylvania FACTWhat we know about people’s intake • Most adults need at least 3.5 cups of colorful fruits and vegetables a day to meet their nutritional needs. • 75% of adult Pennsylvanians do not eat the recommendation of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day.

11. Research FACTWhat we know about satiety • Studies indicate that the VOLUME of food people eat is what makes them feel full and stop - not the calorie content of the food. Source: Rolls, B.J., et all. (2004) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104,1570-1576.

12. Popular Diets • Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution & Atkins for Life • Dr. Dean Ornish – Eat More, Weigh Less • Dr. Phil McGraw’s Ultimate Weight Loss • South Beach Diet • Weight Watchers

13. Popular DietsThat have faded into history • Barry Sears: The Zone • Beverly Hills Diet • Eat-To-Win • Pritikin Program • Rotation Diet • Scarsdale Diet

14. FACT and FAD • Number of gastric bypass surgeries performed in the United States • 1998: 13,365 • 2002: 72,177 • 2005: 100,000 (estimated)

15. FACTWeight Loss • National Weight Control Registry • Established: 1993 • Investigators: Dr. James Hill & Dr. Rena Wing • Criteria: 30 pound weight loss for at least 1 year • Enrolled: 4,500 participants

16. There are as many ways to get HEALTHY (as there are people in this room) What WAY will work for YOU?

17. Medical FACT Body Mass Index (BMI) Scientific SCREENING tool to estimate RISK of chronic disease

18. Physical FACTLOVE HANDLES Non-scientific tool to estimate EXCESS body fat

19. Physical FACTSHAKE, WAIT & WATCH Non-scientific BRAVE way to face reality of health risks

20. FACTBody Mass Index (BMI) • Classifications: • Underweight: < 19 • Healthy Weight: 19-24 (LEAST HEALTH RISK) • Overweight : 25-29 • Obese: 30-40+ Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

21. There’s more to health than the bathroom scales or your BMI How often do you swim, dance, or walk?

22. Remember the TV ad about WEALTH?We make money the old fashion way. We earn it. Can the same be said of HEALTH? We get health the old fashion way. We work for it.

23. Are we willing to work for health now? Or are we too busy???Do you have time to be UNHEALTHY?

24. FACT Low Carbohydrate (CHO) Diets • 1825: Jean Brillat-Savarin • “The Physiology of Taste” • French father of gastronomy • 1863: William Banting • Undertaker • Letter on Corpulence • 1870: Siege of France 1870 • Diabetics (Type 1) improve • Word for dieting in England : banting

25. FACT Biology and human starvation • 1944: Ancel Keys develops “K” rations • 1950: Ancel Keys’ Biology of Human Starvation • Conscientious Objectors • 1200 calories/day

26. FACTThe History of the Atkins Diet • 1972: The Atkins Diet • 1990: The Atkins Revolution • 2002: Atkins for Life

27. FACT 10 out of 10 humans bodies prefer CARBOHYDRATE as the fuel of choice

28. FACTVoted BEST by Humans • Carbohydrate (CHO) – BEST fuel source; clean and efficient • Protein (PRO) – BEST repair service • Fat (FAT)– BEST insulation and energy reserve

29. FACTHomeostasis Plan A(when there is CHO) • Brain and central nervous system (CNS) require CHO/glucose for energy source • Red blood cells require CHO/glucose for energy (no mitochondria!)

30. FACTHomeostasis Plan B (when there is not enough CHO) • Overall game plan: SURVIVAL • Body uses PRO or FAT for energy • FAT requires CHO to break it down • When no CHO is available, the body uses KETONES

31. FACTA minimum of 50-100 grams of CHO is needed each day to SPARE Protein. Not all CHO are created equal. The VALUE is in the wholeness.

32. FACTWhat foods make for health • WHOLE Grains • Green, orange, red & blue/purple VEGGIES & FRUIT • Fiber • PLANT fats • Legumes

33. FACTWhat makes good health • Moderation • Balance • Exercise

34. FACTEveryday Healthy Choices • National campaign • American Cancer Association • American Diabetes Association • American Heart Association

35. Everyday Healthy ChoicesProtect yourself from yourself. Eat right. Exercise. Don’t smoke.

36. Contact Information Eleanor B. Pella, M.S., R.D., L.D.N. Public Health Nutrition Consultant Pennsylvania Department of Health 717-346-3979 Mpella@state.pa.us www.health.state.pa.us Have faith in fiber! Thank you for your time!