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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e. Chapter 3 PC Repair Fundamentals. PC Support Technician Tools. Help you maintain a computer Help you diagnose and repair computer problems Criteria for choosing tools: Level of PC support you expect to provide Amount of money you can spend

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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

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  1. A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e Chapter 3 PC Repair Fundamentals

  2. PC Support Technician Tools • Help you maintain a computer • Help you diagnose and repair computer problems • Criteria for choosing tools: • Level of PC support you expect to provide • Amount of money you can spend • Some essential tools: • Ground bracelet, ground mat, or ground gloves • Torx screwdriver set • Recovery CD, DVD, or floppy disk for target OS • Store tools in toolbox for PC troubleshooting A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  3. Figure 3-1 PC support technician tools A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  4. Recovery CDs • Used to boot a system • Also used to repair and reinstall Windows • Primary recovery CD sources • PC manufacturer (preferred) • Operating system distributor, such as Microsoft • Some hard drives have a hidden recovery partitions • A hidden partition can be used to reinstall Windows • A utility for creating recovery CDs may be provided • Access hidden utilities by pressing a Fn key at startup A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  5. Figure 3-2 Windows Setup CD and Windows Recovery CDs for a notebook computer A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  6. Loop-Back Plugs • Used to test various ports • Some port types: serial, parallel, USB, network • How to use a loop-back plug • Plug in the loop-back plug • Run the software that comes with the plug A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  7. Figure 3-3 Loop-back plugs used to test serial and parallel ports A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  8. Cleaning Pads and Solutions • Various types are designed for specific uses • Example: contact cleaner • Cleans contacts on expansion cards • Warning: solutions may be flammable and/or toxic • Sources of safety and emergency instructions: • Side of the can of solution • Material safety data sheet (MSDS) • Adhere to safety procedures of your employer • Example: fill out an accident report (if required) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  9. How to Work Inside a Computer Case • Objective: dismantle a computer, put it back together • Some safety precautions to follow: • Make notes that will help you backtrack • Keep screws and spacers orderly • Do not stack boards on top of each other • Do not touch the chips on circuit boards • Do not use a graphite pencil to change DIP settings • Turn off the power, unplug and ground the computer • Do not remove covers of monitors or power supplies • Keep components away from hair and clothing A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  10. Steps to Take Apart a Computer • Essential tools: • Ground bracelet • Phillips-head screwdriver • Flat-head screwdriver, paper, and pen • Follow safety precautions at all times • Summary of Steps 1 - 4 • 1. Enter CMOS and write down customized settings • 2. Power down the system, unplug all components • 3. Put the computer on a good-sized table • 4. Remove the cover of the PC A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  11. Figure 3-19 Removing the cover A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  12. Steps to Take Apart a Computer (continued) • Summary of steps 5 - 11 • 5. Diagram cable connections and switch settings • 6. Identify cables connecting drives to motherboard • 7. Remove the cables to all drives • 8. Remove the expansion cards • 9. Remove the motherboard (or drives) • 10. Remove the power supply from the case • 11. Remove each drive (if not already removed) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  13. Figure 3-33 Remove the motherboard from the case A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  14. Steps to Put a Computer Back Together • 1. Install power supply, drives, motherboard, cards • 2. Connect all data and power cables • 3. Plug in the keyboard, monitor, and mouse • 4. Ask instructor to check work (if in a classroom) • 5. Turn on the power and check PC functions A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  15. Understanding the Boot Process • Key learning objectives • Know how to boot a PC • Understand what happens first when a PC is turned on • Understand how an operating system is loaded A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  16. Booting a Computer • Process that drives a computer to a working state • Hard (cold) boot: turn the power switch on • Soft (warm) boot: allow the OS to reboot • How to soft boot Windows XP • Click Start • Click Turn Off Computer • Click Restart A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  17. Choosing Between a Hard Boot and a Soft Boot • Hard boots are more stressful on machines • Power surges through system when PC is turned on • Reasons to choose a soft boot over hard boot • Less stressful on the machine • Faster due to skipping initial steps • Some computers have a soft and hard power switch • Soft power switch shuts down and restarts Windows • Hard power switch cuts power and restarts machine A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  18. The Startup BIOS Controls the Beginning of the Boot • The startup BIOS gets a system up and running • Four phases of the boot process: • BIOS runs the POST and assigns system resources • POST: power-on self test • BIOS searches for and loads an OS • OS configures system and completes its own loading • Application software is loaded and executed A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  19. Figure 3-40 Boot Step 1: The ROM BIOS startup program surveys hardware resources and needs and assigns system resources to satisfy those needs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  20. Changing the Boot Sequence • BIOS looks to CMOS RAM to locate the OS • Boot sequence: order of drives checked for an OS • Change boot sequence using CMOS setup utilities • Access CMOS setup utilities when PC is turned on • Example: press F8 before Windows screen appears A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  21. Figure 3-42 Numbered steps show how BIOS searches for and begins to load an operating system (in this example, Windows NT/2000/XP is the OS) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  22. My Computer Won’t Boot • First step: maintain your calm • Second step: develop a game plan • Figure 3-45 provides a procedure • Plan is driven by a set of yes-no questions • Example: Does the PC boot properly? • If no, troubleshooter is directed to another question • If yes, troubleshooter is directed to stop (for now) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  23. Figure 3-45 Use this flowchart when first facing a computer problem A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  24. Troubleshooting Major Subsystems Used For Booting • Categories of troubleshooting steps in Figure 3-45 • The electrical subsystem • Essential hardware devices • The motherboard, memory, and the CPU • Video • Reading from the hard drive • Key aides: tables identifying error codes A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  25. Table 3-4 Beep codes and their meanings A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

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