Dr. Waseem Anwar

1. Education in Pakistan Dr. Waseem Anwar

2. Contents PART - I • Definition of Education • Constitution of Pakistan PART – II • Education Scenario • Education Policy

3. Definition of Education The definition of education in common usage, that education is merely the delivery of knowledge, skills and information from teachers to students, is inadequate to capture what is really important about being and becoming educated.

4. The proper definition of education is the process of becoming an educated person. Being an educated person means you have access to optimal states of mind regardless of the situation you are in.

5. Constitution of Pakistan

6. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b “The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period”

7. Concurrent Legislative List: Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education

8. PART – IIEDUCATION SCENARIO

9. Human Development Index Country Ranking (out of 177 countries) 2005 2006 2007 Iran 99 96 94 Sri Lanka 93 93 99 Maldives 96 98 100 India 127 126 128 Bhutan 134 135 133 Pakistan 135 134 136 Bangladesh 139 137 140 Nepal 136 138 142

10. Literacy Rates Literacy Definition (As in 1998 Census) “The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language”

11. Literacy Rates • PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67 %,Female = 42%)Province Literacy Rate • Punjab= 60.2% • Sindh = 57.7% • NWFP = 49.9% • Balochistan = 48.8%

12. Educational Institutions by Level Level Total Public Private Pre-primary 1,081 287 794 Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88 Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823 Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115 Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540 British System 28111270 NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823 Inter & Degree Colleges1,882 1,025 857 Universities 116 59 57 Technical/ Professional1257 426 831 Vocational 3,059 916 2,143 Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799 Others 3,120 2,241 879 TOTAL 227,791 151,77(67%) 76,019 (33%)

13. Institutions by Medium of Instruction Type # of Institutions Urdu English Sindhi Others Total 227,791 14806 2277 3416 22779 Public 151,744 103,186 3,035 33,384 12,139 Private 76,047 43,347 21,29 3,521 9,886

14. EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN

15. Challenges • Weakened Governance • Fragmentation • Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships • Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers • Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams • Low level of literacy • Out of school children • Dropouts

16. Challenges • Public Private Partnership • In-adequate financing • Gender Equity • Poor monitoring & evaluation • Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools • Inconvenient school location

17. SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN • Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education • Promotion of Equity • Minimum National Standards • Relevance to Labour Market • Sector Planning • Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018 • Encourage Private sector • Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education • Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity • Donor Harmonisation • Overcoming Fragmented Governance

18. SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN • Bridging the Public Private Divide • Improved Examination System • Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive education. • Achieve the MDG goals. • All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level • Well developed plan for expanding school facilities. • High priority to reducing drop out rates • Improved school environment • Career Counselling at higher secondary level • Develop national literacy curriculum • Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

19. SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN • Pre-service & in-service teacher training • Accreditation and certification of teachers • Merit based teacher recruitment, professional development, promotions & postings • Curriculum development • Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning materials • District Education Boards to be established for managing schools • Separate management & academic cadres

20. Allocation of Funds to Education:Year 2009-10 (Rs. in million) Continue…

21. (Rs. In million)

22. Future Plans for Education in Pakistan 1. Tripartite Partnership: • The role of family, the community and the State. All need to be mobilized. 2. Free Education Upto Matriculation: 3. Provision of Free Textbooks: 4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl Students: 5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools Particularly in Rural Areas. Continue…

23. 6. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Female Teachers: • Better status and pay for teachers. • Experience has demonstrated that schools with female teachers function well particularly at Primary level. 7. Improvement in Learning Environment: • Better infrastructure through School Management Councils. 8. Technical / Vocational Education: • It is important to provide demand related skills. 9. Instructional Methods: • Emphasis must be given on development of analytical faculties of the students. Continue…

24. 10. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge: • To improve teachers’ knowledge of the subject and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills. 11. English Language: • Introduction of English from Class – I. • Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools.

25. Thank You All