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Dyspraxia ( Developmental Coordination Disorder)

Dyspraxia ( Developmental Coordination Disorder). Dr. Judy Turner Dr Angela Taylor Chartered Psychologists. Content of Session. What is dyspraxia? Case studies What are the underlying causes of these difficulties? Useful strategies Time for discussion.

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Dyspraxia ( Developmental Coordination Disorder)

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  1. Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder) Dr. Judy Turner Dr Angela Taylor Chartered Psychologists

  2. Content of Session • What is dyspraxia? • Case studies • What are the underlying causes of these difficulties? • Useful strategies • Time for discussion

  3. How might it feel to have dyspraxia?

  4. Dyspraxia Dyspraxia = difficulty with actions • Dyspraxia is a motor learning difficulty that can affect planning of movements and co-ordination as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body (NHS Direct, 2008). • Complex neurological condition • Difficulties vary between individuals

  5. Co-morbidity Dyspraxia is often found in students who also have: • Dyslexia • ADHD • Specific Language Disorders – receptive or expressive • Aspergers syndrome

  6. Case Study- Joe • Joe -22 year old 3rd year student of Politics • History of underachievement at school • Extra help with handwriting in Junior school • 1st time assessment • Arrived an hour early so as not to be late

  7. Joe -Academic difficulties • Difficulties with time management • All coursework late • Spends more time working than friends • Difficulties with taking lecture notes • Planning essays v. difficult • Fails to answer the Q • Tutors comment on poor explanations in essays, rambling sentences & lack of clarity of arguments

  8. Joe- is this Dyspraxia? Or….. Is he just a poor student with …… • Inappropriate strategies for his academic work • A tendency to procrastinate • Studying the wrong subject • Not very able • etc.

  9. Joe-Is it dyspraxia? • Rule out neurological conditions that cause the same difficulties e.g. cerebral palsy and minor neurological dysfunction • Not just slow or untidy handwriting • Need to perform a full Educational Assessment of reading, writing, spelling, general intellectual ability • Developmental history – ask a parent (?) • Morrisby Manual Dexterity Test (1998) – test of coordination • Dyspraxia questionnaire

  10. Joe- Results- literacy & IQ • Above average at reading & spelling • Slow handwriting for all tasks • Superior verbal ability & average to low average performance ability

  11. Joe- Fine Motor Coordination • Difficulties with learning to tie shoelaces & catch and throw • Help with handwriting at school • School reports – frequent comments on poor presentation of work • Very slow at practical work and poor final products • The last to get dressed after PE • Poor performance on the Morrisby (1%)

  12. Joe- Gross Motor Coordination & Balance • Trips over frequently • Difficulties with bike riding • Could not learn roller skating etc. • Drops and breaks things • Bumps into things

  13. Joe- Multitasking • Learning to drive really difficult • Can only cook one pot at a time • Can not write and listen in lectures

  14. Joe- Organisation and Time Management • Tidy enough but takes inordinate time and quickly becomes messy • Runs out of essential food etc. • Misses appointments • Loses things

  15. Joe- Spatial and temporal difficulties • Can not judge how long things will take • Difficult to get timing right when driving • Gets lost easily and confuses left and right • Time flows unevenly Speech and Language • Word finding difficulties

  16. Joe: Enough evidence for dyspraxia1) Difficulties with fine and gross motor coordination2) Plus other difficulties

  17. Case study- Liz • Liz – 31 year old 1st year undergraduate • Came for pre-exam support • Punctual for appointment • History of being best student in class • Always failed exams • Competent mother of two sons • Thinking A to E

  18. Case Study - George • 29 year– doing second first degree • First degree Geography -3rd class degree • Appalling time management • Went into army • Learnt coordination • Poor writing skills

  19. Definition? NB: Not everyone with dyspraxia has all these difficulties • Existing definitions are often too unspecific or too precise • We need something that is helpful with a student population. • One way to achieve this is to work backwards from the known difficulties

  20. Difficulties associated with Dyspraxia In addition to fine motor control and gross motor control • Automatisation • Sequencing movements and information • Sense of time Additional concomitant difficulties • Self confidence and self esteem

  21. Brainstorm successful strategies

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