Evidence Based Practices An Overview for non-EBP Pilot sites

1. Evidence Based PracticesAn Overview for non-EBP Pilot sites March 2, 2007

2. A special presentation for Court Community CorrectionsMarch 2,2007

3. EBP – What is IT • Cognitative Behavioral Therapy • “What Works”

4. March 2005 • Effective Supervision Through Collaborative Models in Virginia DOC and DCJS administrators brought together the Directors and Chiefs from State Probation and Parole and local CCCA Probation from four pilot sites – Charlottesville, Lynchburg, Williamsburg and Winchester for the first time.

5. March 2005 (continued) • Presentation by Faye Taxman, Ph.D. – UVa Judith Sachwald – Director, Maryland Division of Probation and Parole • Tools of the Trade A 100 page primer on EBP developed in partnership between NIC, Maryland, Faye Taxman, Eric Shepardson, Univ. Of Md. Download free from www.nicic.org/pubs/2004/020095.pdf

6. New Vocabulary • Officer Quality Contact Standards • Deportment • Case Plan – it’s not the same as Probation Conditions! • Responsivity

7. Criminogenic Factors – The Big Six • Anti-social values • Criminal peers • Low self control • Dysfunctional family ties • Substance abuse • Criminal personality

8. Evidence Based Practice - What does it mean? • It is NOT a program or a specific intervention • It IS an overall approach based on knowledge collected over time • EBP is also sometimes referred to as “What Works” • It means recognizing that not all programs are effective in changing behavior

9. RISK - Who to target ? • High Risk Offenders • Putting low risk offenders in highly structured programs often increases their failure rate • Placing low risk offenders with high risk offenders also increases the chances of failure for low risk offenders • Placing low risk offenders in residential programs disrupts their positive social networks such as employment, family, school, etc.

10. Risk Control vs. Risk Reduction • The Tip of the Iceberg

11. Risk Control • The tip of the iceberg that is clearly visible is the part that corrections has always addressed: Behavior • We control risk by monitoring compliance with the court order and effectiveness is measured by how well we respond to and report violations.

12. Risk Reduction • EBP also addresses what lies beneath the surface and is not so easily identifiable: the Thinking Patterns that are behind the Behavior. • An assessment is a critical component of this process. • Effectiveness is measured by a reduction in criminal behavior.

13. Assessment Tools • Assessment tools are different for Pretrial and probation because they serve different purposes.

14. Pretrial Risk Assessment: VPRAI • In Pretrial we want to provide verified information to the judge to assist with bail decisions and monitor defendants conditions of release for the purpose of assuring their appearance in court and the safety of the community pending trial.

15. Local Probation Risk/Needs Assessment : M-OST • In Local Probation we want to identify criminogenic needs and risk factors so we can focus our resources on high risk offenders and match them to the most appropriate and effective intervention services.

16. How Can I Get Started? • Review your agency’s mission statement

17. Does your mission statement reflect agency goals relative to Risk Control, or Risk Reduction?

18. Revising Mission Statements to Reflect EBP Principles • MISSION STATEMENTS Community Corrections • The mission of the Lynchburg Comprehensive Community Corrections Act (CCCA) Program is to provide the judicial system with community-based correction alternatives when sentencing offenders for jailable misdemeanors or non-violent felonies when those offenders may require less than incarceration in a local jail facility. Specific objectives of the Program are to: • Provide offender supervision and case planning consistent with the results of a risk/needs assessment. more effective protection of society and enhance offender accountability by monitoring compliance with court-ordered conditions of a suspended sentence.

19. Community Corrections Mission Statement Cont’d • To provide Facilitate increased opportunities for offenders to make restitution to the community and to victims of crime through financial reimbursement and community service. • To operate and Utilize effective interventions and treatment programs supported by evidence based practices to accomplish risk reduction objectives and local programs and services specifically designed to meet the rehabilitative needs of selected offenders.

20. Community Corrections Mission Statement Cont’d • Provide swift and certain incentives and sanctions in response to offender behavior To develop appropriate community sanctions for certain offenders with the goal of increasing offender engagement and motivation and reducing the incidence of repeat offenders. • To Promote efficiency and economy in the delivery of correctional services while enhancing public safety and increasing offender accountability. by providing post-trial supervision of offenders serving a suspended sentence.

21. Revising Pretrial Mission Statements to Reflect LEBP Principles Pretrial Services • The mission of the Pretrial Services Program is to contribute to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system as it relates to adult defendants awaiting trial. Specific objectives of the Program are to: • Ensure public safety and enhance defendant accountability by providing supervision and monitoring of special conditions of release including drug/alcohol testing.

22. Pretrial Mission Statement Cont’d • Assist judicial officers and the Commonwealth’s Attorney at bail hearings by providing verified information on defendants held in jail awaiting trail in a court report and risk assessment instrument. and verification of a defendant’s criminal record, residence, employment and other relevant factors. • Reduce the likelihood of defendants failing to appear for court by tracking their court dates and notifying them of pending hearings.

23. Pretrial Mission Statement Cont’d • Promote efficient and effective use of existing jail bed space while enhancing public safety by providing pretrial release recommendations for the supervision of defendants to persons released pending trial. • Provide the Court, Magistrate and Commonwealth’s Attorney with data on the behavior of pretrial defendants including reporting any new charges or other violations.

24. Pretrial Mission Statement Cont’d • Provide the least restrictive supervision necessary to effectively monitor compliance with bail conditions with the goals of assuring court appearance and community safety. • Report violations of bail conditions, including any new arrests which indicate an increased risk of pretrial failure with a recommendation for modified bail conditions to mitigate the risk.

25. June 2006 • The 10 Directors on the EBP Committee, DCJS representatives Dan Catley, Paula Harpster, Ken Rose and Deanna Perez participated in a 2 day Strategic Planning Session with NIC consultants Mark Carey and Marie Van Nostrand

26. Now What? • Determine who are your high risk offenders.

27. May 2006 Choosing a Risk Assessment tool for local probation Pat Smith, Katie Green, and Deanna Perez visit Phoenix, Arizona and investigate the risk assessment tool developed by the Maricopa County Adult Probation Office.

28. Here it is … The missing piece the MOST Risk Assessment

29. Criminogenic Factors – Six Key Areas • Vocational/Financial • Family and Social Relationships • Alcohol • Drug Use • Attitude • Criminal Behavior

30. Review of M-OST Items • What the M-OST tells us is that people who are: • Unemployed

31. Review of M-OST Items cont’d • Have bad friends;

32. What the M-OST tells us is that people who • Don’t have a significant other;

33. What the M-OST tells us is that people who • Have gotten in trouble while using alcohol;

34. What the M-OST tells us is that people who • Are using drugs;

35. What the M-OST tells us is that people who • Don’t follow society’s basic rules;

36. What the M-OST tells us is that people who • Have multiple convictions, including prior felonies are a greater risk to re-offend

37. Modified Offender Screening Tool (M-OST) Revised 1206 Client Name: _____________________________ Offense: ____________________________Date Administered: _______________________ Screener: ___________________________ SSN: ___________________________________ VOCATIONAL/FINANCIAL To assess: the client’s current verifiable employment situation What is your current employment status? 0 Stable employment/Disabled/Retired/Student/Financially secure – sufficient funds to meet needs 0 Stay at home parent/caregiver 1 Currently unemployed 1 Temporary and or seasonally employed 1 Paid under the table 1 Welfare/Public Assistance Score Comments:

38. M-OST INTIMATE/ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS To assess: what best describes the client’s current most significant companion/romantic relationship How would you describe your present significant/romantic relationship? 0 Strong, supportive, loving 1 Problematic – moderate to serious conflict (e.g. separation, pending divorce, domestic violence or significant relationship problems) 1 Not currently in a relationship Score _____ Comments:

39. M-OST SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS To assess: what best describes the client’s current peer and/or associate relationships Who do you spend the most time with? 0 Positive peers 1 Negative peers, criminally oriented 1 No age appropriate non-romantic friends Score ______ Comments:

40. M-OST ALCOHOL (including present offense) To assess: the number of alcohol related arrests How many times were you arrested when you were under the influence of alcohol? 0 None or One 1 Two or More Score ______ Comments:

41. M-OST DRUG ABUSE (including present offense) To assess: the effect drug use has had on client's lifestyle leading up to present offense How would you describe your drug use one month prior to this offense? 0 No use 1 Any use Score ______ Comments:

42. M-OST ATTITUDE To assess: if the client has attitudes that are non-conforming to societal norms Tell me about your present offense? Your criminal history? What are your thoughts about breaking the law? (Listen for: rationalizations and minimizations about criminal behavior, oppositional, defiance with authority…) No, Prosocial Yes, Antisocial Score Comments:

43. M-OST CRIMINAL HISTORY To assess: the client’s number of prior juvenile adjudications and adult convictions How many prior juvenile adjudications and adult convictions do you have? 0 Zero – 2 1 3 or More Score Comments: CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR To assess: the client’s number of previous felony convictions How many previous felony convictions do you have? 0 None 1 1 or More Score Comments:

44. M-OST • TOTAL M-OST SCORE (Sum of all 8 items): __________ • RISK LEVEL: SUPERVISION LEVEL: • 0–2 LOW ADMINISTRATIVE 0-2 • 3-5 MEDIUM STANDARD 3-5 • 6–8 HIGH COMPREHENSIVE 6-8 • Comments: ____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ • Override Reason: ____________________________________________________________________________________

45. Review of M-OST Items • What the M-OST tells us is that people who are • Unemployed; • Have bad friends; • Don’t have a significant other; • Have gotten in trouble while using alcohol; • Are using drugs; • Don’t follow society’s basic rules; and • Have multiple convictions, including prior felonies are a greater risk to re-offend

46. Low Risk = Administrative Supervision • Oversupervising low risk probationers can result in bad outcomes • Placing low risk offenders with high risk offenders can result in bad outcomes • Oversupervising low risk offenders takes resources away from high risk offenders who need it most.

47. What is Administrative Supervision? • Face to face intake • Criminal record at intake & prior to release • Home verification within 30 days • Quarterly collateral contacts per special conditions • Required telephone reporting by client of any changes • Verify completion of all special conditions prior to release • Release upon completion of required obligations • Notify client of closure • Follow standard case closure procedures

48. Scores of 3 or higher result in an OST being administered • The OST has 44 total items • Includes 14 static risk factors Things that do not change such as criminal history or upbringing • Includes 30 dynamic risk factors Things that may change over time such as employment and drug usage

49. Criminal Behavior Family/Social Relationships Attitude Vocational/Financial Education Alcohol History Drug History Mental Health Residence/Neigh-borhood Physical Health Risk Categories in the OST

50. Which are the Top 3 Categories related to Risk? • Criminal Behavior • Family and Social Relationships • Attitude