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STROKE

STROKE. By Us. Definition Of Stroke. “Rapidly developed clinical sign of focal disturbance of cerebral function of presumed vascular origin and of more than 24 hours” WHO TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack) recovery is complete within 24 hours. 10% of patients will go on to have a stroke.

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STROKE

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  1. STROKE By Us

  2. Definition Of Stroke • “Rapidly developed clinical sign of focal disturbance of cerebral function of presumed vascular origin and of more than 24 hours” WHO • TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack) recovery is complete within 24 hours. 10% of patients will go on to have a stroke.

  3. Stroke • Stroke is the third largest killer in the Western World. • It accounts for up to 6% of in-patient hospital costs in Scotland. • Stroke is one of the major causes of disability, particularly in the elderly. • Stroke patients may present with a variety of physical, cognitive and psychosocial problems. • Most stroke patients show signs of recovery over time.

  4. Sub-types Of Stroke • Ischaemic – obstruction to one of major cerebral arteries, brainstem strokes are less common. • Haemorrhage – 9% are caused by haemorrhage to the deep parts of the brain. Patients are usually hypertensive.

  5. Risk Factors

  6. OBESITY

  7. SMOKING

  8. DRUG ABUSE

  9. OLD AGE • Wee Betty lived a long and fruitfull life, RIP Betty (1875-1997). That’s 122 years don’t you know!

  10. ALCOHOL

  11. Stroke Classification • TACI (Total Anterior Circulation Infarct) • PACI (Partial Anterior Circulation Infarct) • LACI (Lacunar Infarct) • POCI (Posterior Circulation Infarct)

  12. Adverse Prognostic Indicators • Prior Stroke • Older Age • Persistent urinal and faecal incontinence • Visuo-spatial deficits • Additional Influences • Consciousness at onset, severity of paralysis, sitting balance, admission ADL score, level of social support, metabolic rate of glucose outside the infarct area in hypertensive patient.

  13. Physiotherapy Aims • To normalise muscle tone • To restore muscle function • To control compensation strategies • To maintain muscle length • To re-educate balance • To retrain walking and restore mobility • To maximise functional ability while allowing on-going neuromuscular recovery

  14. Physiotherapy In Stroke • Size Of BOS • Large to reduce tone • Small to increase tone • Alignment • Flexor eg sitting/prone • Extensor eg standing/supine • Positioning Strategies • Handling • Proximal/Distal/Anatomical • Communication • Volitional/Automatic/Voice

  15. Stroke Assessment • Motor function • Muscle tone (high/low) • Sensation/Proprioception/Co-ordination • Alignment/Stability in various positions • Neuromuscular anatomy • Compensation Strategies • Balance • Mobility

  16. Outcome Measures • Mobility Milestones • 1minute sitting balance • 10 second standing balance • 10 independent steps • 10 metre walk • Berg Balance Scale • 9 Hole Peg Test • Elderly Mobility Scale • Motor Assessment Scale

  17. Treatment Strategies • Approaches • Bobath, Motor Relearning etc. • Hydrotherapy • AFO/Calipers/Malleolar Locks • Strapping • Electrical Stimulation • Positioning

  18. Positioning • Base Of Support • Alignment • Flexor • Extensor • Combination • Bed Type • Mattress • Pillows – how many? • Chair Type • Cushion – soft, firm, intermediate

  19. Doctor Nurse Physiotherapist Occupational Therapist Speech & Language Therapist Social Worker Dietician Psychologist Dentist Podiatrist Art Therapist Volunteers Carers The Stroke Team

  20. Other Problems To Consider • Multipathologies • UTIs • RTIs • D & V • Emotional Conditions • Lability • Depression • Speech and Language Deficits • Dysphasia (expressive/receptive) • Dyspraxia • Dysarthria

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