The Infrastructure Crisis: A Trillion Dollar Challenge

1. The Infrastructure Crisis: A Trillion Dollar Challenge

3. Infrastructure Deficit Infrastructure Deficit Hypothesis: A decline in the public capital formation (i.e. infrastructure) lowers private sector productivity and, therefore, lowers a nation�s real income and weaken its competitiveness.

4. The United States Canada

5. Infrastructure in the US The U.S. Federal Reserve Board has concluded that the failure of civil infrastructure systems to perform at their expected level has reduced the US GDP by 1%. It stated: �The state of infrastructure is indeed alarming in the US, and the financial burden is huge�.

6. Infrastructure in the US: The ASCE Report The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), assigned an overall grade of D (Poor) to the USA in its recent Infrastructure Report Card It estimates that $1.6 trillion are needed in the next five years to alleviate potential problems with the civil infrastructure

7. ASCE Report

8. ASCE Report: Bridges 27 % of US�s 590,750 bridges are rated structurally deficient or functionally obsolete.

9. Minnesota Bridge Collapse(August 1, 2007)

10. ASCE Report: Dams Since 1998, the number of unsafe dams has risen by 33% to more than 3,500. The number of dams identified as unsafe is increasing at a faster rate than those being repaired. $10.1 billion is needed over the next 12 years to repair dams which pose a direct risk to human life.

11. Hydro Power There is a newborn interest in hydro-power as a renewable source of energy. Hydro-power accounts for 7% of total energy produced in the US, 20% in China, 27% in India and more than 60% in Canada! Unsafe dams are a serious concern from power generation point of view.

12. ASCE Report: Roads Poor road conditions cost U.S. motorists $54 billion per year in repairs and operating costs: $275 per motorist. Americans spend 3.5 billion hours a year stuck in traffic, at a cost of $63.2 billion a year to the economy. Total spending of $59.4 billion annually is well below the $94 billion needed annually to improve transportation infrastructure conditions nationally.

13. Infrastructure in Canada 59% of Canada�s infrastructure is more than 40 years old As per Statistics Canada, 37 years is the expected average life of a structure in Canada.

15. Quebec Overpass Collapse (Sept. 30, 2006)

16. Infrastructure in Canada Canada�s current infrastructure deficit is $125 billion (and growing annually by $2 billion), which is 6-10 times the level of all annual government infrastructure budget combined.

17. Influence of Global Warming on Concrete Structures Increase in atmospheric CO2 levels from 370 ppm to 1000 ppm Increased Corrosion Rates Increased Carbonation Increase in temperature by over 50C Increased Shrinkage Porous Microstructure and High Permeability Increased Corrosion Rates Increased Water Levels Increased Saturation Greater Scour

18. Scour

19. Deterioration and aging of structural systems due to weather, fatigue, pollution, structural settlement and now global warming; Construction mistakes; Code changes (structural dynamics, seismic design, etc.); Loading changes; and Functional Obsolesce.

21. The Pantheon, 118 to 126 AD

24. Network of 18 Universities with over $100 million in funding Objective: To make structures last 100 years+ instead of 50 years

26. Sensors for Structures

30. No Supplementary Information No Supplementary Information

31. Bridge Sensors

32. Sensor Installation

33. Data Acquisition / Control Room