The Muslim World Expands , 1300–1700

1. CHAPTER 18 QUIT The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Chapter Overview Time Line The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 1 SECTION MAP Patterns of Change: Cultural Blending 2 SECTION The Mughals Establish an Empire in India 3 SECTION GRAPH Visual Summary

2. CHAPTER 18 Chapter Overview HOME The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Between the 14th and the 16th centuries, three powerful Islamic empires emerge between India and the Balkans. The Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids of Persia, and the Mughals of India successfully deal with ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity, but eventually fall prey to internal corruption and external pressure.

3. CHAPTER 18 1700 1300 HOME The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Time Line 1300Osman founds Ottoman state. 1453Ottomans capture Constantinople. 1631Shah Jahan orders construction of Taj Mahal. 1526Babur founds Mughal Empire. 1587Shah Abbas rules Safavid Empire. 1398Timur the Lame destroys Delhi. 1501Safavids conquer Persia.

4. 1 HOME The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP Key Idea Turkish religious warriors along the Byzantine frontier capture Constantinople and build an enduring empire. Their realm combines elements from many cultures and religions and eventually stretches from the Balkans to North Africa and Persia. Overview Assessment

5. 1 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP Overview •ghazi •Osman •Timur the Lame •Mehmet II •Suleiman the Lawgiver •janissary •devshirme WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Ottomans established a Muslim empire that combined many cultures and lasted for more than 600 years. Many modern societies—from Algeria to the Balkan countries—had their origins under Ottoman rule. Assessment

6. 1 1 Section Assessment Ottoman Ruler Major Accomplishment HOME The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP 1. List the main rulers of the Ottoman Empire and their chief accomplishments. Osman Establishes Ottoman state Murad II Expands empire Mehmet II Conquers Constantinople Selim the Grim Defeats Safavids and captures Islamic holy cities Suleiman I Unifies and expands empire Selim II Loses the Battle of Lepanto continued . . .

7. 1 HOME The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP 1 Section Assessment 2. Do you think that the Ottomans were wise in staffing their military and government with slaves? Why or why not?THINK ABOUT •the loyalty of slaves to the sultan •the training slaves received •others who might have served in the government ANSWER Yes—Slaves received excellent education and training and had the chance to rise to high positions; they were loyal to the sultan. No—Slaves were forcibly taken from their homes and would be alert for opportunities to rebel or escape from the palace. Possible Responses: continued . . .

8. 1 HOME The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire MAP 1 Section Assessment 3. Do you think that Suleiman’s religious tolerance helped or hurt the Ottoman Empire? Explain. THINK ABOUT •Suleiman’s treatment of non-Muslims •the effect on the individual religious groups •the long-term effect on the empire as a whole ANSWER Helped—kept people of various religions happy Hurt—did not encourage people to think of themselves as part of one Ottoman nation Possible Responses: End of Section 1

9. 2 PATTERNS OF CHANGE HOME Cultural Blending CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire Key Idea Interactions among diverse people in the Islamic world give rise to a new cultural mix. The Safavids draw on Shi’a religious ideology, ancient Persian traditions, and Ottoman political ideas to forge a new Persian culture. Overview Assessment

10. PATTERNS OF CHANGE TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Cultural Blending 2 CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire Overview •Safavid •Isma’il •Shah Abbas •Isfahan WHY IT MATTERS NOW Many world cultures incorporate influences from various peoples and traditions. Modern Iran, which plays a key role in global politics, is descended from the culturally diverse Safavid Empire. Assessment

11. 2 PATTERNS OF CHANGE Events Effect Powerful Safavid Empire HOME Cultural Blending CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the events that enabled the Safavids to build a powerful empire. Shi’ism becomes state religion. Isma’il builds a powerful army. Isma’il expands the empire. Trade, industry, and art flourish. Shah Abbas reforms military, society, and government. continued . . .

12. 2 PATTERNS OF CHANGE HOME Cultural Blending CASE STUDY: The Safavid Empire 2 Section Assessment 2. Within a century after the Safavids adopted Shi’a Islam, their leader, Isma’il, became a religious tyrant. Why might he have become so intolerant?THINK ABOUT •the persecution of Safavids by Ottoman Sunni Muslims •the role of religion in Safavid life •the geographic location of the Safavid Empire ANSWER Because the Sunni persecuted Shi’a, Isma’il wanted to strengthen Shi’ism and spread it throughout the empire. He may have believed that this was the only way to overcome Sunni opposition in Iran and from the Ottomans. Possible Response: End of Section 2

13. 3 HOME The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH Key Idea The Mughals, Sunni Muslim Turks from Central Asia, conquer India and bring together Turks, Persians, and Indians in a vast empire. Overview Assessment

14. 3 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH Overview •Mughal •Babur •Akbar •Jahangir •Nur Jahan •Sikh •Shah Jahan •Taj Mahal •Aurangzeb WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Mughal Empire brought Turks, Persians, and Indians together in a vast empire. The legacy of great art and deep social division left by the Mughal Empire still influences southern Asia. Assessment

15. 3 + Jahangir / Nur Jahan Babur Akbar Shah Jahan Aurangzeb - HOME The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Indicate the effects each leader below had on the Mughal Empire. Include both positive and negative effects in your answer. Babur expanded the empire. Akbar left a better government and a flowering of culture. Jahangir and Nur Jahan sparked religious conflict with the Sikhs. Shah Jahan made life difficult for Hindus. continued . . . Aurangzeb waged costly wars.

16. 3 HOME The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 2. In what ways was the golden age of Akbar similar to and different from the flowering of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas and of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I?THINK ABOUT •the rulers’ cultural and military achievements •their tolerance of other cultures •their successors ANSWER Similar—Governmental reform, cultural blending and flowering, military leadership Different—Akbar didn’t murder his sons. Possible Responses: continued . . .

17. 3 HOME The Mughals Establish an Empire in India GRAPH 3 Section Assessment 3. Do you think Shah Jahan made good use of his power and authority? Why or why not?THINK ABOUT •how Shah Jahan came to power •the beautiful buildings he built •conditions in India during his reign ANSWER Yes—Shah Jahan kept the empire together and built magnificent buildings that reflected the empire’s glory. No—He turned his back on his suffering people while constructing beautiful buildings, living extravagantly, and pursuing war. Possible Responses: End of Section 3