By: Ashley Deering Grace Holthaus

1. By: Ashley Deering Grace Holthaus

2. What: Pilgrim comes from the Latin term �peregrinus� meaning stranger or foreigner. Who: Men and women of every social class Muslims Christians Monks, clerics, laity Jews

3. Where Jerusalem Mecca Rome Ireland Egypt Syria Relics

4. Why Internal pilgrimage Penance/resolution of sins Purify soul Indulgences Second baptism Increase chance of salvation Required in religion Political and social circumstances didn�t allow long distance travel Quest for knowledge�both religious and secular Expressions of religious devotion Christ was a wanderer of the world, people followed suit Pursue miracles Cure of illness Evangelical imitation

5. Jewish Pilgrimage Place: Palestine Jerusalem Hebron Egypt United Kingdom Sites: Temple Mount Mount of Olives Temple of Patriarchs The Red Sea The Wall of Jericho Pillar of salt The Western Wall

6. Islamic Pilgrimage Place: Mecca Sites: Ka�ba

7. Christian Pilgrimage Places: Palestine and Rome From the 4th century Syria and Egypt North Africa Europe: Gaul � Austria Tours: from 397 Compostela, Spain From 9th century Sites: Sts. Jerome, Peter, and Paul, James Holy Sepulchre Ancient Roman Church Biblical sites �Desert Fathers� Constantinian Basilicas in Holy Land and Rome Relics

8. Resources The Writings of Medieval Women Marcelle Thiebaux Religion in the Medieval West Bernard Hamilton Medieval European Pilgrimages, c. 700-1500 Diana Webb The Dictionary of the Middle Ages Joseph R. Strayer (editor in chief) Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages Edited by Andre Vanchey The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places F. E. Peters Eastward Bound Rosamund Allen Virtual Pilgrimage http://crusades.boisestate.edu/vpilgrim/intro.shtml