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RFID System for Hospital

RFID System for Hospital. CityU Technology Transfer Forum Advances in Wireless Communications Edward Kai-Ning Yung Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong 15 September, 2010. A Vibrant City. Never-ending construction everywhere

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RFID System for Hospital

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  1. RFID System for Hospital CityU Technology Transfer Forum Advances in Wireless Communications Edward Kai-Ning Yung Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong 15 September, 2010

  2. A Vibrant City Never-ending construction everywhere Dusty, noisy, breezeless, hot & humid environment High pollution, high UV & radon radiations Hustling markets, bustling streets, & congested highways Competitive market & equally competitive office 24-hour working day, 7 days a week High-calorie diets, junk food, & irregular meals No regular exercise nor vacation Crowded and tiny living space 3/12/2014 2

  3. Unique Health Care New drugs from everywhere Advanced facilities for better diagnosis Well-trained professionals with the latest skills Variety of sophisticated medical supports Complementary herbal medicine Excellent private hospitals Trustworthy safety net: public hospitals Exceptionally long life expectance 3/12/2014 3

  4. Public Hospitals High medical bills and expensive medicines Highest Gini coefficient in the first world Ill-affordable medical insurance Everyone goes to public hospital, eventually Overburdened staffs in public hospitals Overloaded facilities in public hospitals Erroneous drug dispense, injection, & surgery Errors in transfer of patients (living or not) 3/12/2014 4

  5. Miracle “Drug” Reduces load Minimizes error Enhances performance Provides value-added services Introduces innovative applications Saves lives 3/12/2014 5

  6. Band Wagon RFID has been identified by the National Government as one of the areas of intensive development It has also been identified by the Federal Government (USA) as one of the areas of intensive development 3/12/2014 6

  7. RFID Radio Frequency Identification Is it a new technology? New wine in old bottle? Old wine in new bottle?

  8. AIDC Auto Identity and Data Capture Hollerith’s Punch Card, 1889

  9. Logistics Management UPC barcode, 1973 EAN-14 Standard, 1974 Joe Woodland’s bull’s eye, 1949 Forrest Parry’s magnetic stripe, 1966

  10. Electronic Age Smart Card with microprocessors Cryptography: credit card, ATM SIM Card

  11. Contactless Card Inductive and capacitive couplings Frequency: 125kHz Unique ID number

  12. Wireless Alternative Electronic article surveillance: 134.2kHz Proximity card: 125kHz, 128kHz Ampoule for animal tracking: 134.2kHz Friend-of-Foe, WWII Leon Theremin, audio frequencies, 1946 Harry Stockman, back scattering, 1948 Steve Depp, demonstration, 1973 Charles Walton, RFID, 1980 12 3/12/2014

  13. RFID Selection Passive RFID: HF RFID—13.56MHz UHF RFID—900MHz Active RFID: LF—125kHz, 134.2kHz HF—13.56MHz, UHF—315MHz, 433MHz, 900MHz, 2450MHz SHF—5800MHz 3/12/2014 13

  14. Preferences Absolute reliability, time-proven technology Maximum flexibility High security for drug control and prisoners Upward, downward, and lateral adoptability Speedy location of equipment Fast search of professionals Low-cost tags with adequately long life 3/12/2014 14

  15. Requirements Minimal changes to the existing practices No health hazard to patients with pace makers No interference on medical equipment Advantages of other RFID systems retained Weaknesses of other RFID systems addressed Fast response Life and death issues-cannot wait 3/12/2014 15

  16. HF RFID Category: passive RFID Principle of operation: electromagnetic coupling Frequency: 13.56MHz Characteristics: RF lucent, Range: 70-200 mm Competitive edge: small and light tags Inexpensive tag: ~RMB-1

  17. Applications Public transport: Octopus, Oyster Access control: estate, office, school, garage Personnel management: conference, examination Electronic cash: parking meter, convenience store Inventory control: libraries

  18. UHF RFID Category: passive RFID Principle of operation: back scattering Frequency: 900MHz Smaller and lighter tags Faster reading speed Larger memory Inexpensive tag: < RMB-1

  19. Cutting Edges Antenna: directional Power output: 4W, EIRP Range: ~10 meters “Simultaneous” tag readings Slow moving targets Non-line-of-sight detection Role Reversal

  20. Pioneer Projects Trace and track Real-time inventory check

  21. Fantasy Realization Theft-retardant Counter-forgery Anti-counterfeit Expiry control Surveillance Accountability Use in harsh ambience 3/12/2014 21

  22. Weakness Prolonged exposure to strong EM field Electromagnetic interference Ubiquity of used tags — privacy Tags could only be made at the chip level — lack of flexibility Coupling between the strong output and the weak feedback signals — expensive reader

  23. Active RFID Energy source: battery, vehicle, power supply, … Range: from a meter to kilometers Coverage: omnidirectional, focused and confined Memory: huge Protocol: to be determined Encryption: proprietary

  24. Weakness Larger, heavier, and more expensive tags Frequent battery replacement Electromagnetic interference 24 3/12/2014

  25. Recommendation applications personnel venues objects Occasions and conditions A unified system with a variety of RFID systems custom-designed for different 3/12/2014 25

  26. Semi-Active RFID • Directional antenna in SD card Tag with wake-up and RFID parts RFID Frequency: 900MHz Fixed and handheld RFID readers

  27. Wake Up Technology Frequency: 125kHz Harmonics are well below that of medical equipment

  28. Semi-active Tags Power consumption in sleeping mode: μW Wake up upon detection of a 125 kHz wave Switched to the listen-before-talk mode Collision protocol: random delay Return to sleeping mode: after each transaction or a short duration

  29. Memory Bio-data with recent photograph Medical history and list of allergies Relevant professionals Next of kin and other relatives Date of registration, wards, payment method Prescriptions: medicine, operation, treatment Special diet, personality, and others

  30. Personal Tags Not-too-small tag for patients Two CR2025 batteries could last for months Battery-low indication Name tag for staffs

  31. Wards Wake-up energizer mounted on the ceiling Wake up energizer turned on by demand RFID reader: SD for iPod Directional antenna on the SD covering 1 meter Tag matching of patient and medicine Location of staffs, patients, and accessories Real-time inventory check of equipment Tag matching before moving a patient out

  32. Movement of Patient Distinguish between the movement of a patient through a door from those walking near the door 3/12/2014 32

  33. Corridor Energizer turned on by motion detection High gain antenna and low power output Multiple antennas for better coverage Active signage: VIP acknowledgement Walking instructions: emergence Record of personnel movement

  34. Operation Theater Access for patient and staff at the right time only Match of physicians and the patient Verification of the patient and the treatments Double check of additional equipment needed Account of accessories/consumables used

  35. Other Tags Tags with GPS and GPRS for patients with Alzheimer disease in infirmary Durable tags for equipment Passive RFID tags for out-patients 3/12/2014 35

  36. Mass Control Reception hall for incoming patients Medical treatments Pharmacy/dispenser Physiotherapeutic services Shroff/bursary Cafeteria/canteen Disaster control/Escape route

  37. Future Development Tag on soft waist-band or ankle-band Application specific integrated circuits Handheld reader for active and passive tags Tag with organic liquid crystal display Lithium polyester battery Wireless battery charger Passive tag on medicine for out-patients Passive tag on consumables

  38. Passive RFID Tags Passive tags on medicine for out-patients Tiny passive tags for consumables 3/12/2014 38

  39. Questions and Answers Thank You

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