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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry. Chapter 9. Do Now. Balance the equation Al + HCl → H 2 + AlCl 3 How many moles of HCl are required to produce 2 moles of AlCl 3 ? How many moles of H 2 can be produced from 2 moles of Al? List all other mole ratios that can be found from this equation.

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Stoichiometry

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  1. Stoichiometry Chapter 9

  2. Do Now Balance the equation Al + HCl → H2 + AlCl3 How many moles of HCl are required to produce 2 moles of AlCl3 ? How many moles of H2 can be produced from 2 moles of Al? List all other mole ratios that can be found from this equation.

  3. Vocabulary Mole ratio- A conversion factor that relates the amount of moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction All reaction stoichiometry must start with a balanced chemical equation.

  4. Reaction Stoichiometry • Reaction stoichiometry problems can be classified by the information given in the problem: • The information that is given (known) • The information that you are expected to find (unknown) • Three types of reactions are mole to mole, mole to mass, and mass to mass.

  5. Practice How many moles of sodium will react with water to produce 4.0 mol of hydrogen in the following reaction? 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 4 mol hydrogen Given: Wanted: Moles of sodium Mole to mole calculation /reaction

  6. Practice Phosphorus burns in air to produce a phosphorus oxide in the following reaction: 4P(s) + 5O2(g) → P2O5(s) What mass of phosphorus will be needed to produce 3.25 mol of P2O5? Given: 3.25 mol of P2O5? Mass of phosphorus Wanted: Mole to mass calculation /reaction

  7. Practice Calculate the mass of silver bromide produced from 22.5 g of silver nitrate in the following reaction. 2AgNO3(aq) + MgBr2→ 2AgBr(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq) Given: 22.5 g silver nitrate Wanted: Mass of silver bromide Mass to mass calculation /reaction

  8. Mole to Mole Conversions Al+ HCl → H2 + AlCl3 2 6 3 2 How many moles of H2 can be produced from 11.6 mol of HCl? Given: 11.6 molHCl Wanted: Moles of H2

  9. Practice How many moles of lithium chloride will be formed by the reaction of chlorine with 0.046 mol of lithium bromide in the following reaction? 2LiBr(aq) + Cl2(g) → 2LiCl (aq) + Br2 (l)

  10. Practice Aluminum will react with sulfuric acid in the following reaction. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(l) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) How many moles of H2SO4 will react with 18 mol Al?

  11. Practice Propane burns in excess oxygen according to the following reaction. C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O How many moles of CO2 are formed from 3.85 mol of propane?

  12. Stop and Think Why is the mole ratio so important in stoichiometrical calculations?

  13. Practice In a spacecraft, the carbon dioxide exhaled by astronauts can be removed by its reaction with lithium hydroxide, LiOH, according to the following chemical equation. CO2(g) + 2LiOH(s) → Li2CO3(s) + H2O(l) How many moles of lithium hydroxide are required to react with 20 mol CO2, the average amount exhaled by a person each day?

  14. Practice Ammonia, NH3, is widely used as a fertilizer and in many household cleaners. How many moles of ammonia are produced when 6 mol of hydrogen gas react with an excess of nitrogen gas? How many mol of nitrogen gas are required to produce 5 mol NH3 ?

  15. Practice The decomposition of potassium chlorate, KClO3, into KCl and O2 is used as a source of oxygen in the laboratory. How many moles of potassium chlorate are needed to produce 15 mol of oxygen gas?

  16. Do Now Given this equation: N2 + 3 H2 ---> 2 NH3, write the following molar ratios: N2/ H2 b) N2 / NH3 c) H2 / NH3

  17. Practice Answer the following questions for this equation: 2 H2 + O2 ---> 2 H2O What is the H2 / H2O molar ratio? b) Suppose you had 20 moles of H2 on hand and plenty of O2, how many moles of H2O could you make? c) What is the O2 / H2O molar ratio? d) Suppose you had 20 moles of O2 and enough H2, how many moles of H2O could you make?

  18. Do Now Use this equation: N2 + 3 H2 ---> 2 NH3, for the following problems If you used 1 mole of N2, how many moles of NH3 could be produced? b) If 10 moles of NH3 were produced, how many moles of N2 would be required? c) If 3.00 moles of H2 were used, how many moles of NH3 would be made? d) If 0.600 moles of NH3 were produced, how many moles of H2 are required?

  19. Mole to Mass Start with what you were given Determine what is wanted Determine your molar ratios Use mole ratio to convert from one substance to another Convert from moles to mass

  20. Practice Phosphorus burns in air to produce phosphorus oxide in the following reaction: 4P (s) + 5 O2(g) → P4O10 (s) What mass of phosphorus will be needed to produce 3.25 mol of P4O10 ? If 0.489 mol of phosphorus burns, what mass of oxygen is used? What mass of P4O10 is produced?

  21. Practice Hydrogen peroxide breaks down, releasing oxygen, in the following reaction. 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2 (g) What mass of oxygen is produced when 1.840 mol of H2O2 decompose? What mass of water is produced when 5.0 mol O2 is produced by this reaction?

  22. Stoichiometry: Mole to Mass Homework Page 890 in your textbook, # 171-172

  23. Do Now • Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) • How many grams of HCl are consumed by the reaction of 2.50 moles of magnesium? • What is the mass in grams of H2 gas when 4.0 moles of HCl is added to the reaction?

  24. Mass to Mass Start with what you were given Determine what is wanted Determine your molar ratios Convert from mass to mole Use mole ratio to convert from one substance to another Convert from moles to mass

  25. Practice Calculate the mass of silver bromide produced from 22.5 g of silver nitrate in the following reaction. 2AgNO3 (aq) + MgBr2(aq) → 2AgBr(s) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq)

  26. Practice What mass of acetylene, C2H2, will be produced from the reaction of 90g of calcium carbide, CaC2, with water in the following reaction? CaC2(s) + 2 H20(l) → C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(s)

  27. Stoichiometry: Mass to Mass homework Page 890 in your textbook, # 175

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