Baumrind s Parenting Classifications

1. Baumrind�s Parenting Classifications

3. Authoritarian Authoritarian parent? parent who relies on coercive techniques to discipline the child and displays a low level of nurturance. Coercive techniques include threats or physical punishment Places firm limits and controls on the child Little verbal exchange between the parent and the child

4. Authoritarian Effects on the child Does not exhibit a strong social responsibility or sense of independence Appears anxious about social comparison Does not initiate social activity Displays poor communication skills Boys�generally more aggressive Girls�generally more dependent In general appear unhappy

5. Authoritarian Effects extending to adolescence Less advanced moral reasoning Less prosocial behavior Lower self-esteem Poorer adjustment to starting school

6. Permissive Permissive parent? parent who sets few limits on the child�s behavior Makes few demands on mature behavior Allows child to make own decisions about routine behaviors including TV viewing, bedtime, and mealtimes Either moderately nurturant or cool and uninvolved

7. Permissive Effects on the child Does not exhibit a strong social responsibility or sense of independence Displays low self-control Displays low self-reliance Displays a tendency to expect to get own way

8. Authoritative Authoritative parent? parent who sets limits on a child�s behavior using reasoning and explanation and displays a high degree of nurturance Expects child to behave in a mature manner Uses rewards more than punishments Communicates expectations clearly and provides explanations to help the child understand the reasoning behind the expectations Listens to what the child has to say Encourages dialogue between the parent and child

9. Authoritative Effects on the child Self-reliant Socially responsible Friendly with peers Cooperative with adults Independent Energetic Achievement oriented High degree of self-control

10. Authoritative Effects extending to adolescence More prosocial behaviors Fewer problem behaviors (i.e. substance abuse) Greater academic achievement Higher self-confidence

11. Why is Authoritative best? Parent sets demands and guidelines on the child�s behaviors Child is aware of the responsibilities individuals have toward one another when they live in social groups Child is better equip with an understanding of how to sort out the social world Parental demands are accompanied with reasonable explanations Child is more likely to accept the limitations of his or her actions Parent takes child�s responses into account and shows affection toward the child Child is likely to acquire a sense of control over his or her actions Child is able to derive a sense of self worth

12. References Bukatko, D., & Daehler, M. W. (2004). Child development: A thematic approach (5th ed., pp. 501-503). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.