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1. Greek and Roman Sculpture A Brief Survey
3. Mycenaean Civilization: 1900 – 1100 B.C.E. Feudal Society
Fortress-Palaces on Hilltops
Skilled craftsmen, artists – ceramics, metalwork (gold, bronze)
Extensive trade, warfare in Eastern Mediterranean
Trojan War, ca. 1250 B.C.E.
4. The Dark Ages: 1100 – 800 B.C.E. Dorian Invasions (Greeks) destroy Mycenaean Civilization
Writing System, skilled craftsmen, artisans disappear
Contact with other Eastern Mediterranean cultures very limited.
5. Archaic Age: 800 – 479 B.C.E. Greek Culture begins to emerge
Epic Poetry:
Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey: ca. 800 B.C.E.
Lyric Poetry:
Sappho’s Poems: ca. 600 B.C.E.
Architecture: The Doric Temple
Temple of Hera at Paestum, ca. 560-550 B.C.E.
Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, 510 B.C.E.
Politics:
Cleisthenes est. democracy in Athens: 508 B.C.E.
6. Archaic Age Sculpture Kouros – nude male statues
Kore – clothed female statues
A new emphasis on the beauty of human body
Seem to have depicted human heroes;
Seem to have been used as memorials
Early Kouros show strong Egyptian influence
9. New York Kouros Egyptian Influence
Left foot forward
Clenched fists
Rigid arms at sides
Stylized hair
Frontality
Greek Innovation
Greater attempt to represent human body accurately, e.g. knees
10. Peplos Kore, Archaic Period, Limestone, ca. 600 B.C.E.
15. Classical Greek Sculpture(Hellenic) Severe Style
High classical style
18. Severe Style: Transition from Archaic to Classical intended to convey nobility and dignity
First phase of Greek classical sculpture
19. Kritios Boy Contrapposto (counterpoise): a posture that places the body's weight on one leg and uses the other leg as a support.
Trend toward greater naturalism Muscles/anatomy skillfully represented;
Slight tilt of the head and contrapposto undermine frontality
20. High Classical Style
Attempted to represent motion
Attempted to represent ideal beauty
21. Doryphorus (Spear-Bearer), ca. 440 B.C.E.
22. Doryphorus, ca. 440 B.C.E. Marble copy of bronze original by Polykleitos
Polykleitos – developed a canon of beauty based on proportional relationships among body parts.
Example: the ideal ratio head/body size is 1/7.
Opposite arms and legs balance each other
24. Hellenistic Sculpture Melodrama & Motion
27. Laocoön and his sons, also known as the Laocoön Group. Copied from the original (ca. 200 BC) by the three Rhodian sculptors Agesander, Athenedoros and Polydorus. Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican, Inv.1059, Inv.1064 and Inv. 1067. Height: 1,84 m (6').Laocoön and his sons, also known as the Laocoön Group. Copied from the original (ca. 200 BC) by the three Rhodian sculptors Agesander, Athenedoros and Polydorus. Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican, Inv.1059, Inv.1064 and Inv. 1067. Height: 1,84 m (6').