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History of MSHA

History of MSHA. Leadership Intensive Course Mine Safety and Health Administration. Jesse P. Cole, District Manager Mine Safety and Health Administration, District 4. Coal History. First Legislation.

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History of MSHA

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  1. History of MSHA Leadership Intensive Course Mine Safety and Health Administration Jesse P. Cole, District Manager Mine Safety and Health Administration, District 4

  2. Coal History

  3. First Legislation • On September 16, 1869, 179 miners perished in a fire at the Avondale Colliery, located west of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Avondale was thought to be a “safe” mine. • Pennsylvania Legislature passed the Act of 1870. • Required 55 cubic feet of air per second for every 55 men. • Regulated air currents and movements in mines, forbade the use of a single airway as the intake and exhaust. • Required mines to be divided into districts at each level, with each district receiving a separate air current. This helped to contain sections of bad-air and contain it to one general location.

  4. Late 1800’s – Multiple Disasters • Most notable: • Laurel Mine Explosion – Pocahontas, VA 112 miners – March 13, 1884. • Mommouth Mine – Mount Pleasant, PA 109 miners – January 27, 1891. • Congress responded March 3, 1891 – An Act for the Protection of the Lives of Miners in the Territories. First federal statute for mine safety.

  5. An Act for the Protection of the Lives of Miners in the Territories • Established minimum ventilation requirements at underground coal mines. • Prohibited operators from employing children under 12 years of age. • No Enforcement Provisions.

  6. “Bloody December” - 1907 • Naomi Mine – Fayette City, PA – Gas and Dust Explosion kills 34 miners on December 1, 1907. • 5 days later, the greatest single mining disaster in American History: MONONGAH – Monongah 6 & 7, explosion kills 362 miners at Monongah, WV.

  7. Monongah – 1907362 Miners Killed

  8. Sole Survivor – Patrick McDonald

  9. Public Law 61-179 • In effect May 16, 1910, established: • The Bureau of Mines in the Department of Interior. • Actions of Bureau limited to research and investigations. • Dr. Joseph A. Holmes, First Director of the U.S. Bureau of Mines.

  10. Death and Disasters Continued to Occur….. • Between 1910 and 1941 there were 62,281 mining related deaths (era of less than poor reporting). • 1941 – Public Law 77-49 • Federal inspectors given right-of-entry to conduct annual or other inspections and investigations. • NO safety or health regulations were mandated.

  11. Still, Death and Disasters Continued to Occur… • March 5, 1947 – Centralia, Illinois – Centralia No. 5 Mine Explodes • 65 miners fatally burned. • 45 additional die from afterdamp. • Public Law 80-326 passed in 1947 • First Code of Federal Regulations for mine safety for bituminous and lignite mines. • NO enforcement provisions, law expired in one year.

  12. 1951 – Explosions Continue to Kill… • Reported explosions killed 163 persons. • 10 ignitions of gas or dust by electric arc. • 10 ignitions of gas or dust by open lights or smoking. • 3 ignitions of gas and dust by blasting. • This record led to further legislation in 1952.

  13. Enforcement Begins to Increase • 1952 – Federal Coal Mine Safety Act • Mandated annual inspections of underground coal mines, with more stringent standards for “gassy” mines. • Power to issue violation notices and imminent danger withdrawal orders. • Mandated orders of withdrawal for failure to abate conditions of less serious violations. • Surface mines and all mines < 15 people were exempt.

  14. 23 more coal disasters killed 299 persons from 1952 to 1966. • Public Law 89-376 – 1966 • Extended 1952 law to all underground coal mines and provided for orders of withdrawal for repeated unwarrantable failures to comply with standards. • Expanded education and training.

  15. Farmington • November 20, 1968 - Consol No. 9 Farmington WV 78 of 99 miners underground died. Fifteen separate explosions.

  16. Disaster occurred less than five miles from Monongah.

  17. 1969 - Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act • Inspection provisions of both surface and underground coal mines. • 2 annual inspections of surface mines, 4 annual inspections of underground mines. • Increased enforcement powers. • Monetary penalties and criminal penalties established. • Established black lung compensation for disabilities due to the disease.

  18. 1972 – Buffalo Creek Disaster • 08:05 a.m. February, 26, 1972 - Dam failure at Buffalo Creek, West Virginia resulted in a deluge of water. • 132 million gallons of black water released. • 126 people living below the dam were killed, 1,100 injured, and over 4,000 left homeless.

  19. Buffalo Creek Flood and Disaster Former Site of the Town of Saunders.

  20. 1973 – Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA) • MESA is created by an administrative action. • Given the enforcement responsibilities that formerly belonged to the Bureau of Mines. • Basically a separation between research and enforcement.

  21. 1976 – Scotia Mine Disaster • March 9, 1976 – Explosion occurred at Whitesburg, Kentucky killing 15 miners. • 2 days later – A second explosion kills 11 rescue workers. Scotia Mining Complex – Arrow Indicates Mine Portal

  22. 1977 - Public Law 95-164 The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act • MESA moved to Department of Labor and changed to Mine Safety and Health Administration. • Combined Coal and Metal/Nonmetal health and safety laws. • Established the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission. • Expanded the rights of miners.

  23. Coal Mine Fatalities 1900-2003 Dark Ages 1900-1934 Mechanization Era 1934-1969 Group Safety And Hazard Control Era 1969-2000 Personal Safety 2000-Present

  24. Major Fatality Events 1960-2003 Mechanization Era 1934-1969 Group Safety and Hazard Control Era 1969 - 2000 Personal Safety Era 2000 - Present 1969 – Passage of Coal Act 1977 – Mine Act 1993-Annual Fatalities Drop Below 50 2002-Record Low 27 Fatalities 1983-Annual Fatalities Drop Below 100

  25. Metal / Nonmetal History

  26. Early 1900’s • June 8, 1917 – Fire at Granite Mountain Mine near Butte, Montana. • 163 persons died of smoke inhalation. • August 27, 1922 – Fire at Argonaut Mine, Jackson, California. • 47 miners killed. • November 3, 1926 – Fall of Ground at Barnes-Hecker Mine, Ishpeming, Michigan. • 51 miners killed, lone survivor climbed over 800 feet of ladders to the surface.

  27. Mining Disasters • Not as abundant as Coal; however…. • 1950’s: • 30 Miners were killed in 6 separate disasters. • 1961 – Public Law 87-300 • Gave right of entry to collect information and study causes of and prevention of accidents.

  28. Between 1961 and 1966… • 1070 miners were killed at a rate of 178 per year. • August 28, 1963 – Texas Gulf Sulfur Co. - Moab, UT - 18 miners killed in a gas explosion at a Potash mine.

  29. 1966 – Public Law 89-577The Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act • Provided for the promulgation of standards. • Allowed inspections and investigations. • Minimal enforcement authority.

  30. Disasters Continued… • 1968 – Mine Fire - Cargill Underground Salt Mine – Belle Isle, Louisiana. • 21 miners died from carbon monoxide and head injuries. • 1972 – Mine Fire – Sunshine Mine – Kellogg, Idaho. • 92 Miners died from carbon monoxide poisoning. One of the worst metal and non-metal mining disasters in history.

  31. Two Men were Rescued 7 days Later from the 4800 Level

  32. 1973 – Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA) Two Events Common with Coal 1977 – Public Law 95-164The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act

  33. Metal / Nonmental Mine Fatalities 1911-2003 Dark Ages 1911-1932 Mechanization Era 1932-1969 Group Safety And Hazard Control Era 1969-2000 Personal Safety 2000-Present

  34. Major Metal – Nonmetal Fatality Events 1911-2003 1917 – Granite Mountain Fire kills 163 1972 – Sunshine Mine Disaster 1966 – The Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act 1977 – The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act

  35. Recent Event - Quecreek Rescue Black Wolf Coal Company Inc. – Quecreek #1 Mine – July 28, 2002

  36. Future Challenges • Increased challenges from extreme mining conditions. • Lower seam heights, poor roof/floor conditions. • Overlying multiple coal beds / interseam interactions. • Older existing mines developed towards depletion. • Equipment improvements including digital technology. • Information Technology. • New Training Challenges. • Renewal of an Aging Workforce. • Further Reduction in Accident Rates. • Judicial Use of Limited Budgets. • Teamwork – One MSHA. • Increased Production due to High Oil Prices. • Meeting the Supervisory Needs of Industry. • Behavior Based Initiatives.

  37. Future Leaders • Broad Opportunity for Motivated Leaders: • Set achievable goals. • Communicate expectations to ensure goals are realized. • Set the pace for others to follow. • Provide guidance to ensure daily hurdles are surpassed. • Mentor workforce to develop skills. • Challenge your people to achieve growth. • Monitor your progress. • Assess development/progress and modify plan as necessary.

  38. Good leaders and managers plan. The end.

  39. WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS 1800-2000 • ALASKA • 10-26-37 Jonesville Jonesville, AK 14 EXP • 01-18-57 Evan Jones Jonesville, AK 5 EXP • ARKANSAS • 03-04-1897 Kansas & Texas No. 4 Huntington, AR 14 EXP • 11-20-03 Bonanza No. 20 Bonanza, AR 11 EXP • 06-25-22 Central Coal & Coke Huntington, AR 5 SUFFOC • 02-24-28 Mama No. 3 Jenny Lind, AR 13 EXP • 11-19-36 Bates Bates, AR 5 EXP • 08-27-40 No. 2 Bates, AR 10 EXP • 05-11-42 Peerless No. 2 Excelsior, AR 6 EXP • 02-08-48 Sun Excelsior Excelsior, AR 8 EXP • CALIFORNIA • 07-24-1876 Black Diamond Nortonville CA 6 FIRE • 01-19-09 Stone Canyon Chancellor, CA 6 EXP • COLORADO • 01-24-1884 Crested Butte Crested Butte, CO 59 EXP • 09-09-1889 White Ash Greeley, CO 10 Inun H2O • 01-10-1893 Como King, CO 24 EXP • 02-18-1896 Vulcan New Castle, CO 49 EXP • 09-03-1897 Sunshine Sunshine, CO 12 EXP • 09-16-01 Spring Gulch Spring Gulch, CO 6 EXP • 08-07-02 Bowen Bowen, CO 13 EXP • 10-28-04 Tercio Tercio, CO 19 EXP • 02-19-06 Maitland Walsenburg, CO 14 EXP • 04-22-06 Cuatro Tercio, CO 18 EXP • 01-23-07 Primero Primero, CO 24 EXP • 05-19-07 Engleville Engleville, CO 5 FIRE • 07-06-09 Toller Tollerville, CO 9 EXP • 01-31-10 Primero Primero, CO 75 EXP

  40. WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS 1800-2000 (cont.) • 10-08-10 Starksville Starksville, CO 56 EXP • 11-08-10 Victor American No. 3 Delagua, CO 79 EXP • 12-11-10 Leyden Leyden, CO 10 FIRE • 02-09-11 Cokedale Trinidad, CO 17 EXP • 06-18-12 Hastings Hastings, CO 12 EXP • 12-16-13 Vulcan New Castle, CO 37 EXP • 04-27-17 Hastings Hastings, CO 121 EXP • 03-31-19 Empire Aguilar, CO 13 EXP • 08-18-19 Oakdale La Veta, CO 18 EXP • 02-12-21 Moffat No. 1 & 2 Oak Hill, CO 5 EXP • 12-13-21 Satanic Morrison, CO 6 FIRE • 03-24-22 Sopris No. 2 Sopris, CO 17 EXP • 05-05-23 Southwestern Aguilar, CO 10 EXP • 10-07-23 Midwest Palisades, CO 6 EXP • 05-27-27 Delagua Delagua, CO 7 EXP • 01-20-36 Monarch No. 2 Broomfield, CO 8 EXP • 01-27-42 Wadge Mount Harris, CO 34 EXP • 12-28-65 Dutch Creek Mine Redstone, CO 9 EXP • 03-02-66 Burnwell No. 1 Hesperus, CO 3 EXP • 09-19-68 Somerset Somerset, CO 4 RFALL • 04-15-81 Dutch Creek No. 1 Redstone, CO 15 EXP • IOWA • 02-14-1893 Chicago & Iowa Albia, IA 8 EXP • 01-24-02 Lost Creek No. 2 Oskaloosa, IA 20 EXP • 03-30-53 O=Brien Lovilia, IA 5 EXP

  41. WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS 1800-2000 (cont.) • KANSAS • 11-09-1888 Shaft No. 2 Frontenac, KS 40 EXP • 12-20-06 No. 1 Stone City, KS 7 EXP • 03-18-11 No. 16 Mineral, KS 5 EXP • 01-14-14 N0. 7 Mulberry, KS 6 HAUL • 12-13-16 Fidelity No. 9 Stone City, KS 20 EXP • MISSOURI • 03-29-1888 Keith & Perry No. 6 Rich Hill, MO 24 EXP • 02-18-15 New Home No. 2 Rich Hill, MO 5 EXP • MONTANA • 06-07-06 Red Lodge Red Lodge, MT 8 FIRE • 11-20-08 Red Lodge Red Lodge, MT 9 FIRE • 02-27-43 Smith Washoe, MT 74 EXP • NEW MEXICO • 02-27-1895 White Ash Madrid, NM 24 EXP • 04-21-1899 Cook & White Madrid, NM 5 EXP • 06-19-03 Blassburg No. 3 Blossburg, NM 5 EXP • 10-05-06 Dutchman Blossburg, NM 10 EXP • 12-31-07 Bernal Carthage, NM 11 EXP • 10-22-13 Stag Canyon No. 2 Dawson, NM 263 EXP • 04-14-20 Stag Canyon No. 1 & 6 Dawson, NM 5 EXP • 11-05-22 #4 Anthracite Madrid, NM 7 EXP • 11-25-22 No. 4 Cerillos, NM 12 EXP • 02-08-23 Stag Canyon No. 1 Dawson, NM 120 EXP • 12-06-30 Lamb Madrid, NM 5 EXP • 12-07-32 Morgan-Jones Madrid, NM 14 EXP • 07-28-44 Brilliant No. 2 Brilliant, NM 6 EXP

  42. WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS 1800-2000 (cont.) • OKLAHOMA • 04-04-1887 Old Savanna No. 2 Savanna, OK 18 EXP • 01-07-1892 No. 11 Krebs, OK 100 EXP • 03-13-1893 Choctaw Alderson, OK 9 EXP • 01-04-1897 No. 1 Alderson, OK 5 EXP • 04-29-01 McAlester No. 5 Alderson, OK 6 EXP • 12-28-01 No. 1 Hartshorne, OK 6 HAUL • 01-13-02 Milby & Dow Dow, OK 10 FIRE • 04-12-03 Central Slope 77 Carbon, OK 6 EXP • 04-30-05 No. 19 Wilburton, OK 13 EXP • 01-24-06 Poteau No. 6 Witteville, OK 14 EXP • 08-26-08 Hailey-Okla No. 1 Haileyville, OK 29 FIRE • 10-21-09 Rock Island No. 8 Hartshorne, OK 10 EXP • 03-31-10 Great Western No. 2 Wilburton, OK 6 EXP • 02-22-12 Western No. 5 Lehigh, OK 9 FIRE • 03-20-12 San Bois No. 2 McCurtain, OK 73 EXP • 09-04-14 No. 1 Adamson, OK 13 R FALL • 06-30-19 Alderson No. 5 Alderson, OK 15 EXP • 08-21-20 No. 19 Degnan, OK 10 EXP • 10-11-22 No. 11 Progressive McCurtain, OK 8 EXP • 01-13-26 No. 21 Wilburton, OK 91 EXP • 09-03-26 Tahona Tahona, OK 16 EXP • 09-27-29 Covington Tahona, OK 8 EXP • 12-17-29 Old Town McAlester, OK 61 EXP • 10-27-30 Wheatley No. 4 McAlester, OK 30 EXP • 11-29-30 Lutie No. 5 Lutie, OK 15 EXP • 01-17-45 Bond Valley Haileyville, OK 9 EXP • UTAH • 05-01-00 Winter Quarters 1 & 4 Scofield, UT 200 EXP • 03-08-24 No. 2 Castle Gate, UT 172 EXP • 09-21-24 Rains Rains, UT 5 EXP

  43. WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS 1800-2000 (cont.) • 02-06-30 Standard Standardville, UT 23 EXP • 03-08-30 New Peerless Lynn, UT 5 EXP • 03-14-45 Kennilworth Kennilworth, UT 7 EXP • 05-09-45 No. 1 Sunnyside, UT 23 EXP • 12-16-63 Carbon Fuel No. 2 Helper, UT 9 EXP • 05-12-75 Deer Creek Huntington, UT 3 RFALL • 08-24-79 Star Point No. 1 Wattis, UT 4 RFALL • 12-19-84 Wilberg Mine Orangeville, UT 27 FIRE • WASHINGTON • 05-10-1892 Roslyn Roslyn, WA 45 EXP • 08-24-1894 Franklin Franklin, WA 37 FIRE • 04-08-1895 Blue Canyon Lake Whatcom, WA 23 EXP • 12-09-1899 Carbon Hill No. 7 Carbonado, WA 31 EXP • 08-21-00 Issaquah Issaquah, WA 5 FIRE • 10-01-02 Lawson Black Diamond, WA 11 EXP • 12-07-04 No. 5 Burnett, WA 17 EXP • 04-26-07 Morgan Black Diamond, WA 7 EXP • 10-03-09 Northwestern Roslyn, WA 10 EXP • 11-06-10 Lawson Black Diamond, WA 16 EXP • 11-16-15 Northwestern Ravensdale, WA 31 EXP • 12-17-17 Wilkeson Wilkeson, WA 6 INUND • 08-28-18 Burnett Burnett, WA 12 EXP • 12-17-24 Burnett Burnett, WA 7 EXP • 12-14-25 Wilkeson Tacoma, WA 5 EXP • 04-08-27 Carbonado Carbonado, WA 7 INUN • 04-12-30 Carbonado Carbonado, WA 17 EXP

  44. WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS 1800-2000 (cont.) • WYOMING • 03-04-1881 Almy Almy, WY 38 EXP • 01-13-1886 Almy No. 4 Almy, WY 13 EXP • 03-20-1895 Red Canyon Red Canyon, WY 60 EXP • 02-25-01 Diamondville No. 1 Diamondville, WY 26 FIRE • 10-26-01 Diamondville Diamondville, WY 22 FIRE • 06-30-03 Hanna No. 1 Hanna, WY 169 EXP • 12-02-05 Diamondville No. 1 Diamondville, WY 18 EXP • 03-28-08 Hanna No. 1 Hanna, WY 59 EXP • 01-20-12 Kemmerer No. 4 Kemmerer, WY 6 EXP • 04-30-14 No. 2 Cumberland, WY 5 HAUL • 07-26-20 No. 6 Sublet, WY 8 EXP • 08-14-23 Frontier No. 1 Kemmerer, WY 99 EXP • 09-16-24 Sublet No. 5 Sublet, WY 39 EXP • 02-11-38 Vail (Star Valley) Afton, WY 5 EXP

  45. WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS FROM 1860 TO 2000 • ALASKA • 03-02-10 Alaska-Mexican Treadwell, AK 37 Gold EXP • 09-28-11 Shakespeare Placer Dome Creek, AK 14 Gold SHAFT CAVE • 12-09-12 Great Northern Development Cordova, AK 9 Gold SNOWSLIDE • 03-15-43 Atkinson Quarry Excursion Inlet, AK 5 Rock EXP • ARIZONA • 04-17-13 Miami Miami, AZ 5 COPP CAVE IN • 08-13-13 Coronado Incline Clifton, AZ 9 COPP HAULAGE • 11-24-27 Magma Superior, AZ 7 COPP FIRE • 02-20-45 St. Anthony Tiger, AZ 5 Lead Bnk House FIRE • 07-24-52 Arizona Precast Concrete Maricopa City, AZ 5 Rock Tun Collapse • 06-11-55 Miami Copper Miami, AZ 4 COPP Shaft Acc • 11-11-71 Inspiration Concentrator Inspiration, AZ 3 COPP Asphx • 05-10-82 Magma Superior, AZ 3 COPP Roof Fall • 08-10-93 Magma Superior , AZ 4 COPP Raise Collapse • CALIFORNIA • 05-30-1874 Amador Amador, CA 5 Gold Fall of Cage • 10-03-1879 Tioga Bodie, CA 6 Gold Cage accident • 11-30-07 Fremont Drytown, CA 11 Gold FIRE • 04-28-17 Mountain King Mariposa Co, CA 7 Gold Asphx • 08-27-22 Argonaut Jackson, CA 47 Gold FIRE • 09-04-29 Calaveras Copperopolis, CA 5 COPP Cave In

  46. WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS FROM 1860 TO 2000 (cont.) • 07-14-30 Glenn Lost Chance, CA 5 Gold FIRE • 11-12-34 Rohl Connolly Quarry Avalon, CA 9 Gran EXP • 02-19-37 Walker Walkermine, CA 6 COPP EXP • 01-05-71 El Dorado Mine Shingle Springs, CA 4 Limes Hoisting • COLORADO • 11-13-1885 Bull Domingo Silver Cliff, CO 10 Gd/Sl EXP • 08-29-1895 Sleepy Hollow Sleepy Hollow, CO 12 Gold Inundation • 09-26-1895 Belgian Leadville, CO 6 Gold EXP • 01-04-1896 Anna Lee El Paso City, CO 8 Gold Cave In • 11-20-01 Smuggler-Union Pandora, CO 31 Gd/Sl Bnk House FIRE • 01-26-04 Stratton’s Independence Victor, CO 14 Gold CAGE • 06-07-30 Climax Mine Lake County, CO 6 Moly CAVE IN • 01-09-42 Pride Silverton, CO 8 Cp,Gd suffocation • IDAHO • 02-25-17 North Star Hailey, ID 16 Gd,Sl Snowslide • 07-25-19 Hecla Burke, ID 5 Lead CAGE • 10-06-36 Morning Mine Mullan, ID 10 Lead Hoisting • 05-02-72 Sunshine Mining Co Kellogg, ID 91 Silver FIRE • 09-09-81 Warrior Mine Riggins, ID 3 Gold EXP • KANSAS • 01-31-39 Southern Treece, KS 5 Zinc R Fall • LOUISIANA • 04-15-20 Jefferson Island Delcambre. LA 6 Salt EXP • 03-05-68 Belle Island Salt Mine Calumet, LA 21 Salt FIRE • 02-19-70 Jefferson Island Mine Jefferson Island, LA 4 Salt Roof Fall • 08-30-78 Gramercy Works Gramercy, LA 3 Baux Mach • 06-08-79 Belle Isle Mine, Franklin, LA 5 Salt EXP

  47. WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS FROM 1860 TO 2000 (cont.) • MISSOURI • 02-26-09 Keystone Joplin, MO 5 Lead CAVE IN • MONTANA • 02-16-1881 Belmont Belmont. MT 6 COPP FIRE • 11-23-1889 Neversweat-St.Lawrence Butte, MT 6 COPP FIRE • 04-21-1893 Silver Bow #2 Butte, MT 9 COPP FIRE • 04-08-1896 Hope Basin, MT 7 Gold FIRE • 04-11-1896 St. Lawrence Butte, MT 6 COPP EXP • 11-06-03 Koarsarge Virginia City, MT 9 Gold FIRE • 05-12-05 Cora Butte, MT 7 COPP EXP • 01-18-11 Keating Radersburg, MT 6 Gold EXP • 09-03-11 Butte & Superior Butte, MT 6 ZINC CAGE • 04-23-13 Leonard Butte, MT 5 COPP Hoisting • 10-19-15 Granite Mountain Shaft Butte, Mt 16 COPP EXP • 02-14-16 Pennsylvania Butte, MT 21 COPP FIRE • 06-08-17 Granite Mountain Butte, MT 163 COPP FIRE • 07-17-17 Three Forks Quarry Trident, MT 8 Gyps EXP • 11-05-53 American Gilsonite Co Bonanza, MT 8 Gils EXP • NEVADA • 04-07-1869 KY-Yellow Jacket Gold Hill, NV 37 Gold FIRE • 09-20-1873 Yellow Jacket Gold Hill, NV 6 Gold FIRE • 06-24-1887 Gould & Curry Virginia City, NV 11 Gd/Sl FIRE • 02-23-11 Belmont Tonopah, NV 17 Gd/Sl FIRE • 08-23-11 Giroux Ely, NV 7 COPP FIRE • 07-07-12 Eureka Pit Ely, NV 10 COPP EXP • 08-04-14 Copper Flat Steam Pit McGill, NV 5 COPP EXP

  48. WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS FROM 1860 TO 2000 (cont.) • 11-09-14 Sibley N0. 9 Shaft Ely, NV 5 Iron Cave In • 08-13-36 Mountain City Copper Mountain City, NV 6 COPP suffocation • 06-23-70 Texavada Pine Grove, NV 3 Gold Fall • NEW MEXICO • 03-10-1895 Old Abe White Oaks, NM 8 Gold FIRE • 03-31-54 Santa Rita Open Pit Santa Rita, NM 5 COPP EXP • Oklahoma • 11-28-10 Jumbo Durant, OK 13 Asphlt EXP • OREGON • 6-15-76 Silver Ridge Mine Quartzville, OR 3 Silver EXP • South Dakota • 03-21-72 Homestake Mine Lead, SD 3 Gold GR Fall • TEXAS • 02-15-75 El Paso Quarry El Paso, TX 3 Stone Mach • UTAH • 07-15-02 Park-Utah Park City, UT 34 Ld,Cp Powder Fumes • 06-01-10 Union Quarry Devils Slide, UT 25 Limstn EXP • 01-21-14 Boston Bingham, UT 5 COPP FIRE • 09-17-14 Centennial-Eureka Eureka, UT 11 Gold CAVE IN • 07-16-50 Lark, U.S. Smelting Lark, UT 5 Ld,Zn FIRE • 08-27-63 Cane Creek Mine Moab, UT 18 Potash EXP • Washington • 05-15-70 Silver Eagle Mine Stevens County, WA 3 Silver As • END

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