Application and Learning from Household Vulnerability and Food Security Tools

1. Application and Learning from Household Vulnerability and Food Security Tools FHI 360, DAI, Self Help Africa

2. Overview SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Session objectives • Meet the projects and partners • Three projects implemented by FHI 360, DAI and Self-Help Africa • Introduce vulnerability and food security tools • DAI HEA, HEA/IHM, PPI, Household Hunger Score, Household Dietary Diversity • Discuss selection, adaptation and use of tools and analysis • Lessons learned and future directions

3. Learning Objectives SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Learn about the objectives and purpose behind vulnerability and food security assessments by different projects and partners Learn about several household (HH) poverty and food security measurement methods utilized Discuss selection, adaptation and lessons learned based on use of the tools Programming contexts: poor and economically vulnerable HHs, cross-sectoral and technical assistance oriented programs addressing household economic strengthening, livelihoods and/or food security, serving HIV and AIDS affected communities

4. Uganda Community Connector SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Five year USAID Feed the Future project (2011-16) • Implemented by FHI360 – as the Prime Contractor • Sub-contractors -SHA, Brac; CDFU, GF, Gulu University and Mbarara University of Science and Technology.

5. Uganda Community Connector • Improve the nutritional status of women and children, and; • Improve the livelihoods of vulnerable populations in an equitable and sustainable manner. SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

6. Project Result Framework CC project Goal: Improve nutrition and achieve food and livelihood security through integrated nutrition and agriculture interventions IR1: Improve nutritional status of women and children 1.1: Households adopt improved nutrition behaviors 1.2: Households adopt improved hygiene behaviors 1.3: Households increase access to more diverse and quality diets 1.4: Increase demand for later timing and spacing of pregnancies

7. Project Result Framework CC project Goal: Improve nutrition and achieve food and livelihood security through integrated nutrition and agriculture interventions IR2: Livelihoods of vulnerable populations improved in equitable and sustainable manner 2.1: Household’s assets, income and consumption increased 2.2: Appropriate technologies to improve productivity and post-harvest handling and decrease women’s workload 2.3:Hhds and communities adopt improved risk management techniques to mitigate shock 2.4: Vulnerable hhds linked to FtF economic growth activities 2.5: Gender based constraints around household decision making are reduced

8. Uganda Community Connector SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Situation Analysis • Household Economy Approach (adapted) • Individual Household Method • Monitoring and Evaluation/Baseline • Progress out of Poverty Index • Food Security Measures

9. Tanzania IMARISHA SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Improving Multisectoral AIDS Responses to Incorporate Economic Strengthening for Households Affected by AIDS (IMARISHA- to strengthen in Kiswahili) 4-year, $5.99 million USAID and PEPFAR funded project (January 2011-December 2014) implemented by DAI Objective: Improve the effectiveness of economic strengthening approaches led by PEPFAR Community Care Partners and the Government to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on vulnerable households in Tanzania DAI serves as specialized TA provider to IPs and Government, linkage facilitator to development partners, funder of innovation, convener or multisectoral partners in civil society and government to address economic issues within a health context

10. Tanzania IMARISHA SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Original footprint: Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mwanza and Shinyanga • Expanded due to partner demand to: Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Arusha, Singida, Kigoma, Zanzibar, Pwani,

11. Tanzania IMARISHA SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Rationale for Vulnerability and Food Security Assessment - Household Economic Assessment (DAI-HEA) • IMARISHA Initial Partner Assessment showed only 55% of MVC and HBC partners assessed income or vulnerability… with caveats • Limited data on economic constraints captured during partner baselines; IMARISHA could be additive and capture more information for partners to use for programming • In some instances, partners not allowed to do HEA, e.g., those funded by CDC • DAI wanted a rigorous baseline for our work as a TA provider and allow us to monitor outcomes throughout the project • Learn more about household vulnerability, resilience and allow us to have data to test new approaches

12. Livelihoods and Food Security Technical Assistance Project (LIFT II) • Malawi • DRC • Nigeria • Lesotho • Namibia • Tanzania • Zambia • Global TA Mechanism • USAID 2013-2018 • Ceiling $24 million • PEPFAR SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

13. Livelihoods and Food Security Technical Assistance Project (LIFT II) SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Improved access to ES/L/FS services for clinical health and NACS clients and families, through referrals and community support services. • Strengthened community services that provide ES/L/FS support as a component of a continuum of care for families. • Expanded evidence base for ES/L/FS programming impacts on health and nutrition • Provision of global technical leadership and strategic support to improve the quality of ES/L/FS programs and activities that support PEPFAR, GHI and FtFinvestments

14. LIFT MODEL FOR LINKING NACS with ES/L/FS OPPORTUNITIES Poverty &Food Security Diagnostic Tool Understand segmentation of population to inform demandfor services Organizational Network Analysis (ONA) Assesses supply of services

15. Poverty and Food SecurityDiagnostic Tool STEP 1 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 2 Qualitative interview/ counseling based on available services Score diagnostic results & segment HH based on 3 Ps framework Conduct Poverty & Food Security Diagnostic w/ Health Facility Client Make informed referral(s) to services • Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) • Household Hunger Scale (HHS) • Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) • Provision • Protection • Promotion • Preferences/interests • Skills • Geography • Time constraints • Other priorities

16. Why Vulnerability and Food Security Analysis? SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Providing appropriate assistance to the households based on their needs and resources Activity and intervention design Technical Assistance to implementing partners in Economic Strengthening Assessing health client household vulnerability and food security status to inform connection to available services for improved food security, improve adherence/retention Project and activity M&E (especially baselines)

17. Vulnerability and Food Security Approaches and Tools Utilized SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Household Economic Assessment (HEA), modified by DAI Household Economy Approach (HEA by Save, EDF) Individual Household Method (IHM) Progress out of Poverty (PPI) Household Hunger Scale (HHS) Household Dietary Diversity Scale (HDDS)

18. Household Economy Approach (HEA) and Individual Household Method (IHM) SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Household Economy Approach and Individual Household Method • How people in different social and economic circumstances get the food and cash they need • Identify assets available, opportunities open to them and constraints they face • Analysis of options open to them at times of crisis • Analysis of the connections among different groups and different areas, providing a picture of how assets are distributed within a community • IHM subanalysis of HEA allows for a focus at the household level HEA Website for more information • Community Connector adapted it to inform Situation Analysis • Definition of vulnerability by livelihood zones • Development context/drivers of malnutrition and poverty • How to break apart food security within vulnerable groups

19. DAI Household Economic Assessment (DAI HEA) SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches HEA is a livelihoods-based framework for analyzing the way people obtain access to the things they need to survive and prosper. • HEAs typically try to answer 3 questions: • How people in different social and economic circumstances get the food and cash they need; • What assets, opportunities are open to them and what constraints they face; and • The options open to them at times of crisis • HEA survey tool developed by DAI for use with PEPFAR Implementing Partners (IPs) Modeled on a survey instrument developed by SC-UK for food security but updated to include other questions (E.g., HIV)

20. Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI) SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Poverty measurement tool developed by the Grameen Foundation Video Introduction “What is the PPI?” (utilize link below) http://www.progressoutofpoverty.org/about-ppi

21. Household Hunger Scale (HHS) & SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Household hunger in food insecure areas Validated for cross-cultural use Household Hunger Scale

22. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Food access proxy indicator Validated approach Useful when resources for measuring are limited Household Dietary Diversity Score

23. Key Questions and Considerations in Selecting Approaches SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches What are the objectives and data needs? What do we want to do with the information once we collect it? What existing approaches are out there and how can we build off them? What are the gaps or what else is needed to meet our objective? Who is doing data collection and what are the requirements to use the approach?

24. Types of Adaptation SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Streamlining and tailoring of approach or tool Customizing to local context Addressing gaps by supplementing (ie food security, gender) or combining with other approaches and tools Incorporate learning and experience (ie HEA+, LIFT diagnostic tool)

25. Small Group Discussion SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches • Selection: What and why? • Adaptation of tools/approaches: How and why? • Application: Experience utilizing the approaches and analysis • Time taken, financial resources (high/low/med) • How useful/effective was it in meeting your objectives • Benefits and challenges • Lessons learned

26. Discussion Q&A- What did you hear/discuss in your group? SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches What does this mean for your work? What considerations are there in other contexts and programming? Where are these approaches going next?

27. Learn More SEEP Annual Conference 2013 Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches Uganda Community Connector http://commconnector.org LIFT II http://theliftproject.org/ IMARISHA http://dai.com/our-work/projects/tanzania--economic-strenghthening-households-affected-aids-imarisha Contact Us Robert Gensi robert.gensi@selfhelpafrica.net Khalid Mgaramokhalid_mgaramo@dai.com Meaghan Murphy mmurphy@fhi360.org Robert Mwadime rmwadime@fhi360.org