1 / 23

Invasive Aquatic Plants

Invasive Aquatic Plants. Gary J. Burtle Animal & Dairy Science University of Georgia Tifton, GA. Georgia Invasive Aquatic Plants Georgia Exotic Pest Control Council (www.gaeppc.org). Alligatorweed Hydrilla Parrotfeather Phragmites Giant Salvinia Torpedograss Water Hyacinth.

Patman
Download Presentation

Invasive Aquatic Plants

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Invasive Aquatic Plants Gary J. Burtle Animal & Dairy Science University of Georgia Tifton, GA

  2. Georgia Invasive Aquatic PlantsGeorgia Exotic Pest Control Council (www.gaeppc.org) • Alligatorweed • Hydrilla • Parrotfeather • Phragmites • Giant Salvinia • Torpedograss • Water Hyacinth

  3. Other Exotic Aquatic PlantsSea Grant, Univ. Florida • Egeria densa – Brazilian elodea • Ipomea aquatica – Swamp cabbage • Lythrum salicaria – Purple loosestrife • Melaleuca quinquenervia –Melaleuca • Myriophyllum spicatum – Eurasian milfoil • Nympohoides peltata – Yellow floating heart • Pistia stratiotes – Water lettuce • Potamogeton crispus – Curlyleaf pondweed • Urochloa mutica – Para grass • At least eight others targeted by committee

  4. AlligatorweedAlternanthera philoxerioides

  5. Alligatorweed Ecology • Native to South America • Introduced 1890’s • Emersed, perennial • Adapts structually to the environment • Vegetative reproduction • Stem node buds take root with soil contact • Flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila

  6. HydrillaHydrilla verticillata

  7. Hydrilla Ecology • Invaded Florida, 1959 • Found worldwide • Submersed, rooted • Whorls of 3-10 leaves with toothed margins • Fast growing, reproduces from pieces of broken stems and underground propagule. Seed rare.

  8. Hydrilla Control • Costs up to $5 million/yr in Florida, $2.5 million/yr in South Carolina • Contact herbicides followed by grass carp • Diquat or endothal • Tuber weevil, Bagous affinis • Stem borer, Bagous hydrillae • Leaf mining fly, Hydrellia balciunasi or Hydrellia pakistanae, Hydrellia bilbifera • Impact mature plants and destroy reproductive structures

  9. ParrotfeatherMyriophyllum aquaticum

  10. Parrotfeather Ecology • Native to S. America • Aquarium plant • Perennial rooted, with rhizomes • Deep water to mudflat • Yellow-green, graceful foliage above water • 2,4-D or other systemic herbicide • Contact herbicide then grass carp • Cover after drawdown

  11. PhragmitesPhragmites australis

  12. Phragmites Ecology • European introduction • Aggressive genotype,1800’s • Erect along waterways in several feet of water to moist soil, perenial • Dense hedge-like stands • Systemic herbicides • Glyphosate, Imazapyr • Mechanical removal • After removal plant native plants quickly

  13. Biological Control of Phragmites • Phragmites damages natural areas and reduces biological diversity • Biological control work is rather recent, late 1990’s • Native herbivores • Yuma skipper – Ochlodes yuma • Dolichopodid fly – Thrypticus sp. • Gall midge – Calamomyia phragmites • At lest 21 species of exotic herbivores have been unintentionally introduced (Tewksbury et al.)

  14. Giant SalviniaSalvinia molesta, Salvinia biloba, Salvinia herzogii, Salvinia minima, Salvinia auriculata

  15. Giant Salvinia Ecology • Recent invader, probably from aquarium release • Floating fern • Spreads very fast • Biological control • Wide use in Texas • Contact herbicides • Diquat, Diquat & Cutrine-Plus • Report all sightings

  16. TopedograssPanicum repens

  17. Torpedograss Ecology • S. America and West Indes and widely distributed • Marginal and forming mats • Rhizomes and seeds • Displaces Maidencane • Control with systemic herbicides • Imazapyr, glyphosate

  18. Water HyacinthEichhornia crassipes

  19. Water Hyacinth Ecology • One of first exotic invasives, 1884 • Federal control efforts for more than 100 yrs • Floating or rooted • Spread by stolon • Seeds germinate after reflooding • Systemic (2,4-D) or contact (diquat) herbicides

  20. Biological Control of Water Hyacinth • Mottled waterhyacinth weevil - 1972 • Neochetina eichorniae • Chevroned waterhyacinth weevil - 1974 • Neochetina bruchi • Waterhyacinth moth larvae - 1977 • Smeodes albiguttalis

  21. Water LettucePistia stratiotes

  22. Water Lettuce Ecology • S. America in 1700’s • Floating mats or roots • Buds in still water • Not cold tolerant • Mosquito habitat, navigation impact, clogs water intakes • Water lettuce weevil • Neohydronomous affinis • Water lettuce moth • Spodoptera pectinicornis

  23. Information Sources • Florida Sea Grant • aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/seagrant/aquinv.html • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • www.saj.usace.army.mil/conops/apc/

More Related