INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION Why did we select this? • Avoid accidents due to dazzling lights of the vehicles coming from opposite side of the road. • Automatic Head Light Dimmer is very rare in Srilankan Market.And also function of this also not used in the vehicles used in Srilanka. • Circuit is simple theoretical concept. • Circuit is simple and low cost. • Make convenience to drivers of always dimming head lights.

2. Intro… • Product Goal • The product should sense the light of the vehicle coming opposite and automatically dims the Head Lamp. • Should cost less than Rs. 2000/= inclusive of all taxes • Working as a team & meeting deadlines. • Producing a marketable product.

3. Public survey: • After recognizing the product to be designed, a public survey has been done in order to find whether it is marketable. So a questionnaire was distributed among people using vehicles in different areas. • According to the results almost all the people agreed that an automatic headlamp dimmer would certainly reduce the number of accidents happening these days. • They were questioned about the configuration of the headlamp as well. Majority of the people wanted it to operate both automatically & manually. Others wished to have a fully automated one. • Other than that we learnt that people are very much concern about the price of the product. It should be affordable and should not intervene the existing lighting system. • Since there are positive responses we decided to go ahead with the product. At the same time as our customers wish we decided to produce an low cost Automatic Headlamp Dimmer, which can be manually overwritten.

4. Final circuit

5. Components..

6. 2.2 Operation of the circuit. Description • This circuit will activate a relay when light falls to a preset level. Light level can be adjusted with VR1 and the relay contacts may be used to operate an external light or buzzer. • Introduction • The light sensor used is the LDR. In bright light the resistance of the LDR can be as low as 80 ohm and at 50lux (darkness) the resistance increases to over 1 Mohm. The 1M control should provide a wide range for light intensities, if not its value may be increased. The op-amp senses the voltage difference between pins 2 and 3. The control VR1 is adjusted so that the relay is off, the output of the op-amp will be around 2 Volts. When light falls, the resistance of the photocell increases and the difference in input voltage is amplified by the op-amp, the output will swing towards full supply and drive the transistor and relay. The 270k resistor provides a small amount of hysteresis, so that the circuit switches on and off with slightly different light levels. This eliminates relay chatter. Take great care if you decide to wire the relay to activate a mains lamp. Make sure the relay contacts provide adequate isolation and have ample rating for the load. • circuit

7. Alternative 1: • Since our main targeting group is the owners of the vehicle, the advertisement propaganda can be done to convince them. In that the blame that the masters get because of their servant’s reluctance to dim the headlamp can be shown. At the same time they will not be penalized at the courts or police station for misuse of the headlamp.

8. Alternative 3: • Another possible way of approaching the market is to introduce the device as a part of an insurance scheme. Comparing to the premium the cost of the device is very low so that it won’t be significant. In a way Insurance company will be benefited.

9. Alternative 4: • Introduce the device to a manufacturer of heavy vehicles. Comparing to the value of the vehicle the cost of the devise is just nothing. Even the customer won’t feel that he is spending extra money. • All most all the options are heavily concentrating on social responsibility. So the advertising propaganda can be carried on with either one of these alternatives or as a combination of them.

10. Petitioning: • Here the main purpose is to give an incentive to the buyer to buy the device. • One incentive is reimbursement of money if the device is not up to the expectations of the customer. So buyer can buy the product without any hesitation. • Another incentive is to paste a sticker on the glass to distinguish the vehicle using the specific device from other ordinary vehicles. • Replace the unit free of charge of the vehicles who has not recorded for breaching the road manners.

11. Advertisement… • run

13. Cost for the components 5 Resistors= Rs. 1.00/= • 2 Presets = Rs. 5.00/= • OP-AMP = Rs. 9.00/= • LDR = Rs. 7.50/= • BC 109 = Rs. 12.00/= • Relay = Rs. 25.00/= • Diode = Rs. 0.70/= • Condenser= Rs. 2.00/= • 2 Regulators = Rs. 40.00/= • Wires = Rs. • Switches = Rs. 30.00/= • LED = Rs. 3.00/= • Sub total = Rs. • Cost for the PCB = Rs 60/= • Cost for the cover = Rs. 100/= • Cost for the Packaging = Rs. 50/= • Total = Rs.

14. Total = Rs. • Since the daily output would be around 30 units = Rs. *30 • = Rs. • Labour per day = Rs. 3000/= • Rent and overheads = Rs. • Total = Rs. • Let’s think the recovery period of the capital is 4 years. So the advertising cost & the molding cost would be spread over the 4 years. Assuming the monthly output to be remained constantly, • Sales for the 4 years = Rs. *30 *12* 4 • Molding cost = Rs. • Advertising cost = Rs. • Cost per unit = Rs. /43200 • Profit margin = Rs. Per unit • VAT 15% = Rs. Per unit • Selling Price =Rs.

15. Segmenting • The device is produced mainly according to the heavy vehicle specifications. Therefore our concern is greatly on the heavy vehicle drivers. But in Sri Lanka most of the bus and lorry drivers are not the owners of them. Therefore it is not easy to convince them with their moral about our device. Since the vehicle is not their property, they would not spend their disposable income on this. So the main concern is on the owners of the vehicles.