India & West Asia-1

1.  FACULTY NAME:  KANHAIYA JHA  BATCH NAME:  UPSC - N-24  SUBJECT:  INTETRNATIONAL RELATION  TOPIC NAME:  INDIA & WESTASIA-1  DATE :  16/10/23

2. WEST ASIA : COUNTRY PROFILE

3. West Asia/ Middle-East (19 Countries)

5.  Turkey  formally known as Asia Minor  also called sick man of Europe  Ankara  capital city of Turkey  located on Plateau of Anatolia  Istanbul  Located on the European part of Turkey  On the bank of Bosporus Strait  historical City

6.  Syria  Damascus  capital and largest city  one of the oldest city of world  Lebanon  located on the coast of Mediterranean sea  Beirut  capital and largest city  lies at the crossroad of Asia Europe and Africa

7. • Hezbollah, also spelled Hizbollah or Hizballah, is a Shiite Islamist political and military organization based in Lebanon. • It was founded in the early 1980s in response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon and the subsequent Lebanese civil war.

8.  Israel  Jerusalem  capital and religious City  located on the bank of Dead Sea  Holy City for Muslims Christians and Jews  Haifa  chief port of Israel located on Mediterranean sea  Tel Aviv  commercial and Cultural center of Israel

9.  Palestine  Proclaimed capital : Jerusalem  Administrative center : Ramallah  Largest city : Gaza City  Divided into two unit - West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt)

11. Formation of a state for Jews • The idea of a state for Jews, is most commonly associated with Theodor Herzl. • Herzl was an Austrian-Jewish journalist, playwright, and political activist who is considered one of the founding fathers of modern political Zionism. Zionism is the political movement that sought to establish a Jewish homeland in the historic land of Israel. • Herzl is particularly known for his 1896 pamphlet titled "The Jewish State" (also known as "Der Judenstaat" in German), in which he argued for the establishment of a Jewish state as a solution to the ongoing problems of anti- Semitism and Jewish persecution in Europe.

12. • Zionist Movement (19th century; Theodor Herzl ) • British Mandate for Palestine(from 1920 to 1948; British administration and governance in the territory of Palestine, established by the League of Nations after World War I as part of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire) • Balfour Declaration ( 1917; British government issued; for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine • "Olim”(Jewish Immigration) • UN Partition Plan (In 1947, the United Nations proposed a partition plan for Palestine, which recommended the division of the territory into separate Jewish and Arab states, ) • Declaration of the State of Israel (On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel)

13. • Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, is a Palestinian political and military organization that has been active in the Palestinian territories, particularly in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. • Hamas was founded in 1987 during the First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation. It has since become a prominent player in Palestinian politics and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

14.  Jordan  Amman  capital and Chief industrial City  Aquaba  the only port of Jordan located on the bank of gulf of aqaba( Red Sea)

15.  Iraq  Known for ancient civilization Mesopotamia  Baghdad  capital and cultural City  located on the bank of river Tigris (Dajla river)  Mosul  chief industrial city of country  famous for petrochemical electrical and food processing  Basra  chief port located on Gulf of Persia  Exports Petroleum

16.  Iran  Tehran  capital and largest city  located on the southern Valley of elburz mountain  most populous city of West Asia  Masjid- i- Solaiman / Kermanshah Famous for oil reserve  Esfahan  cotton and woolen textile center Masjid- i- Suleiman

17.  Kuwait  world's fourth largest producer of petroleum and second largest exporter  Capital: Kuwait City  Bahrain  an island country consists of 33 Islands  capital Manama

18. • The GCC, or Gulf Cooperation Council, is a political and economic alliance of six countries located in the Arabian Gulf region. • It was established to promote economic, political, and security cooperation among member states. • The GCC was founded on May 25, 1981, and it includes the following member countries: 1. Saudi Arabia 2. United Arab Emirates 3. Qatar 4. Kuwait 5. Bahrain 6. Oman

19.  Qatar  Doha  capital and most populated city  United Arab Emirates (UAE)  Abu Dhabi  capital and largest city  famous for Petroleum production  Dubai  the largest harbour of East Asia

20.  Saudi Arabia  Largest country of West Asia  Riyadh  capital and industrial center  located on tropic of cancer  Jeddah  administrative capital of Saudi Arabia  chief port on Red Sea  Mecca  famous pilgrim center for Islam  located near Red Sea  Ras tanurah / Ghawar / Dhahran  oil field of Saudi Arabia

22.  Yemen  Aden  capital city located at the entrance of red sea  An entrepot port  Oman  second largest country of Arabian Peninsula after Saudi Arabia  Muscat  capital and largest city  chief port of Oman  Duqum  a port of Oman leased by India

23. • Houthi Movement (Ansar Allah) • The Houthi movement, also known as Ansar Allah, is a rebel group based in Yemen. • The movement emerged in the early 2000s and has been involved in various conflicts, including a series of rebellions against the Yemeni government. • The Houthi movement is known for its anti- government stance, and its members are adherents of the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam. • The group took control of the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, in 2014 and subsequently led an insurgency against the Yemeni government, resulting in ongoing conflict and a complex humanitarian crisis in Yemen.

24. • The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also known as the Islamic State (IS), or by its Arabic acronym, Daesh, is a radical Islamist militant group and self-proclaimed caliphate. • It emerged in the early 2010s as an offshoot of al-Qaeda but later became an independent and highly destructive force. • ISIS was founded in the aftermath of the U.S.- led invasion of Iraq in 2003. It began as an al- Qaeda affiliate in Iraq and later rebranded itself as the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI). • ISIS was led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who declared himself the caliph of the Islamic State in 2014.