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Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH. This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong, yet combustible base in organic synthesis.
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Formula and structure • The chemical formula of sodium hydride is NaH • It is made of sodium cations (Na+) and hydride anions (H-). Preparation: Sodium hydride is prepared by the direct reaction between sodium metal and hydrogen gas. 2 Na + H2 → 2 NaH
Physical Properties Pure NaH is a colorless or white solid with a density of 1.4 g/mL, and a melting point of 800 °C. However, due to its reactivity, it is typically available as a grey solid dispersed in a mineral oil for safe handling.
Chemical properties Pure NaH can readily ignite in air. When it comes into contact with water present in the air, it releases highly flammable hydrogen gas. When open to air and moisture, NaH also gets easily hydrolyzed into the strong corrosive base, sodium hydroxide (NaOH). NaH + H2O → NaOH + H2
Uses Despite its dangerous reactivity, NaH is widely used as a powerful deprotonating and reducing agent for many organic reactions. It can also be used as a desiccant or drying agent for laboratory chemicals.
Health effects/safety hazards • The main hazards from sodium hydride are its flammability and violent, explosive reaction with air and water. • it also forms the highly flammable hydrogen gas and strong base
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