Basic positions you could take on this issue:

1. Issue Topic“Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction --- in other words, to make things as simple as possible”.

2. Basic positions you could take on this issue: 1.Yes, making things simple require greater effort and courage than making them bigger and more complex Or, 2.No, the opposite is true. Or, 3.It depends on various factors.

3. Related questions to be looked at: Does making things simple require greater effort and courage than making them bigger and more complex? Is it natural for humans to make things bigger and more complex?

4. Before you take a position, take a few moments What are the main differences between simple and complex things? What kind of efforts are required for them? Could there be some simple and easy things which really require great efforts? Do you think great efforts always yield simple things? Or do you find at times extra ordinary efforts may make the life complex and difficult for human beings?

5. Introduction • Whether making things simple requires greater effort and courage than making them bigger and more complex depends on the sort of effort and courage. (INTERPRETATION ) Indisputably, the many complex technological marvels that are part-and-parcel of our lives today are the result of the extraordinary cumulative efforts of our engineers, entrepreneurs, and others. And such achievements always call for the courage to risk failing in a large way. Yet, humans seem naturally driven to make things bigger and more complex; thus refraining from doing so, or reversing this natural process, takes considerable effort and courage of a different sort. (THESIS STATEMENT)Therefore, I strongly concede to what the speaker has stated here.(STAND)

6. Main Body • The statement brings immediately to mind the ever-growing and increasingly complex digital world. Today’s high-tech firms seem compelled to boldly go to whatever effort is required to devise increasingly complex products, for the ostensible purpose of staying ahead of their competitors. Yet the sort of effort and courage to which the statement refers is a different one-bred of vision, imagination, and a willingness to forego near term profits for the prospect of making lasting contributions. Surely, a number of entrepreneurs and engineers today are mustering that courage, and are making the effort to create far simpler, yet more elegant, technologies and applications, which will truly make our lives simpler in sharp contrast to what computer technology has delivered to us so far.

7. Complex technological advancements are the result of extra ordinary efforts but the aim is to make life simple. What is the purpose of the various inventions like Computers, electronic gadgets, means of transport etc. Cut throat competition also increases complexity of life. Do consumerism and materialistic attitude of people make life simle?

8. Lending even more credence to the statement is the so-called “big government” phenomenon. Human societies have a natural tendency to create unwieldy bureaucracies, a fitting example of which is the tax-law system. The Internal Revenue Code and its accompanying Treasury Regulations have grown so voluminous and complex that many certified accountants and tax attorneys admit that they cannot begin to understand it all. Admittedly, this system has grown only through considerable effort on the part of many special interest groups. Yet, therein lies the statement’s credibility. It requires great effort and courage on the part of a legislator to risk alienating special interest groups, thereby risking reelection prospects, by standing for the principle for a simpler tax system that is less costly to administer and better serves the interests of most taxpayers.

9. Adding further credibility to the statement is the tendency of most people to complicate their personal lives -- a tendency that seems especially strong in today’s age of technology and consumerism. The greater our mobility, the greater our number of destinations each day; the more time-saving gadgets we use, the more activities we try to pack into our day; and with readier access to information we try to assimilate more of it each day. I am hard-pressed to think of one person who has ever exclaimed to me how much effort and courage it has taken to complicate his or her life in these respects. In contrast, a certain self-restraint and courage of conviction are both required to eschew modem conveniences, to simplify one’s daily schedule, and to establish and adhere to a simple plan for the use of one’s time and money.

10. Conclusion • In sum, whether we are building computer networks, government agencies, or personal lifestyles, great effort and courage are required to make things simple, or to keep them that way. Moreover, because humans naturally tend to make things big and complex, it arguably requires more effort and courage to move in the opposite direction. In the final analysis, making things simple---or keeping them that way—takes a brand of effort born of reflection and restraint rather than sheer exertion, and a courage character and conviction rather than unbridled ambition.

11. Issue Topic • “Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.”

12. Introduction