Female Infertility: Causes and Treatment Options

1. FemaleInfertility:CausesandTreatmentOptions Female infertility is an inability to conceive. This is usually observed after a 12 month trial of unprotected intercourse to get pregnant. With advanced cutting-edge treatment options, this inability is possible to reverse. But before learning about the female infertility treatments, it would be significant to learn about the causes, making a female infertile. Dr. Shilpa Bansal Agrawal, is a MBBS, MD, consultant obstetrician & gynaecologist. As a renowned Fertility Specialist in Mumbai she provides purposeful infertility treatments for females. By taking insights from her, this blog has created details about causes and treatment options for female infertility. So, continue to read. Causes of Infertility The primary cause of female infertility is hormonal imbalance (typically secretion of Oestrogen and Progesterone). Irregular secretion of hormones leads to several conditions that make the female infertile. Some of them are as follows: ● PCOD/PCOS Polycystic Ovarian Disease/ Syndrome is a common cause of infertility. In this medical condition ovaries start releasing immature ovum. These poor quality of eggs affect ovulation (A window of 5 most fertile days in between two menstrual cycles). ● Irregularity of Menstrual Cycle

2. Ideally, there is a 28 days window between two menstrual cycles. But many females experience it at extended or within 15 to 20 days. Moreover, a menstrual cycle more than 5 days a day affects the uterus' health. ● Infection Vaginal infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, genital warts and herpes also affect the overall health of the uterus and quality of ovum. ● Endometrium lining Endometrium is a type of bed for a foetus to stay and grow during the pregnancy. Usually, an ideal size for endometrium to hold the pregnancy is 8 to 15 mm. Endometrium lining below thicker or thinner than deal sized may lead to infertility. ● Fibroids Uterine fibroids are the chunks made of fibre, blood clots, mucus and uterine muscles. These fibre balls interrupt the process of ovum’s fertilisation, implantation and successful pregnancy. ● Blockage of Fallopian Tubes Fallopian tubes are the passway for the egg to travel from an ovary and meet with the quality of sperm to get fertilised. But blockage of fallopian tubes caused by various defined and undefined factors damage this pathway and infertility occurs. ● Endometriosis Endometriosis is a medical condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, commonly affecting the pelvic area. It can cause pelvic pain, painful periods, and is also associated with female infertility. The presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus may lead to the formation of adhesions, scarring, and structural changes in the reproductive organs, hindering conception and increasing the risk of infertility in affected women. Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial in addressing fertility issues related to endometriosis. Diagnosis of Female Infertility The diagnosis of female infertility includes below mention tests: ● Blood Test- to evaluate the adequate amount of haemoglobin, iron, vitamin D, D3 ● Hormone test (AMH)- to know about the balance of oestrogen and progesterone ● Hysterosalpingography (HSG) - Fallopian Tube Test ● Ultrasound (Abdominal and Transviginal) Female Infertility Treatments

3. A woman infertility treatment starts with oral hormone balancing medications. If the infertility is unable to be treated through oral medications, then various surgical methods are used to treat the root cause of this inability. Some of them are as follows: ● Laparoscopy It is keyhole surgery done as an outpatient under general anaesthesia. A keyhole incision is made in the patient's navel, and a narrow fiber-optic telescope called a laparoscope is inserted by the surgeon during the procedure. To view and manipulate the inside of the reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, more incisions are created. ● Hysteroscopy In this outpatient procedure, the doctor examines the uterus with the use of a hysteroscope, a tiny telescope with a light and a camera at one end. Through the cervix, the hysteroscope is inserted into the uterus to examine it for adhesions, congenital abnormalities, and fibroids. If any are found, surgical instruments are used to remove them. ● Microsurgery Minor abnormalities of the reproductive tract are treated using it. The following microsurgical techniques are used to treat female infertility: 1. Salpingectomy A salpingectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove the fallopian tube's end when a buildup of fluid occurs. 2. Tubal ligation reversal The procedure known as "tubal ligation reversal" or "tubal reanastomosis" reunites the ends of the fallopian tube. 3. Salpingostomy A surgery known as a salpingostomy is performed to make a new entrance in the fallopian tube near the ovary. 4. Fimbrioplasty Fimbrioplasty is the surgical procedure used to create the fringed ends of a fallopian tube that is partially obstructed or scarred. 5. Ovarian cystectomy Large ovarian cysts can be surgically removed during an ovarian cystectomy. Conclusion Motherhood is a fruitful experience almost every female wants to enjoy. But due to certain complications of the reproductive system like tube blockage, PCOD/PCOS, and many caused by hormonal imbalance, many females leave behind enjoying these most-precious experiences. In today's hi-tech world, infertility is not a reason to get distressed. With the help

4. of qualified gynaecologist females can work their infertility concerns. Regarding this, Dr. Shilpa Bansal Agrawal is a skilled Gynaecologist in Mumbai one can meet at Harleys Cosmetic & Women Clinic.