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Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 5 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 5 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Plants Getting on Land and What We Eat. (In this course, a KEY INNOVATION is a feature that is not only a synapomorphy of a group, but also a feature that allows or facilitates a broad adaptive radiation.).

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Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 5 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

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  1. Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 5 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Plants Getting on Land and What We Eat

  2. (In this course, a KEY INNOVATION is a feature that is not only a synapomorphy of a group, but also a feature that allows or facilitates a broad adaptive radiation.)

  3. THREE GREAT KINGDOMS OF MEGAEUKARYOTIC PHOTOAUTOTROPHS: • RED SEAWEEDS (ALGAE) • BROWN SEAWEEDS (ALGAE) • PLANTAE

  4. OUR FOCUS ON PLANTS: The Water to Land Transition Flowering Plants

  5. The Water to Land Transition: • (How do you keep from drying out and falling over?) • Cell Walls • Cuticle – waxy layer on aerial surfaces • Stomata (singular = stomate) – openings that can be controlled to prevent water loss • Development of Embryos • Spores for dispersal • Plus TWO KEY INNOVATIONS

  6. KEY INNOVATIONS OF LAND PLANTS: Alternation of generations Vascular Tissues

  7. The Water to Land Transition: • (How do you keep from drying out and falling over?) • Cell Walls • Cuticle – waxy layer on aerial surfaces • Stomata (singular = stomate) – openings that can be controlled to prevent water loss • Development of Embryos • Spores for dispersal • Plus TWO KEY INNOVATIONS

  8. KEY INNOVATIONS OF LAND PLANTS: Alternation of generations Vascular Tissues

  9. Cell Walls

  10. Closed stomate Guard Cells

  11. Closed Stomate Open Stomate

  12. Alternation of “Generations”: An alternation between form that makes gametes (sperm and eggs) called the GAMETOPHYTE GENERATION. And The form that makes the spores for distribution called the SPOROPHYTE GENERATION.

  13. VASCULAR TISSUE Tissues for: transporting water – XYLEM transporting food (sugars, etc.) – PHLOEM

  14. Vascular Plants = “Tracheophyta” Sphenophyta (Horsetails) Pterophyta (Ferns) “Gymnosperms” Cycadophyta Ginkophyta Coniferophyta Anthophyta (includes flowering plants)

  15. Equisetum arvense Sphenophyta (Horsetails and their relatives) From Late Devonian (dominant and common in Late Devonian and Carboniferous)

  16. Adiantum Pterophyta (ferns) Known since the Carboniferous

  17. Cycadophyta (cycads) Cycas Known from Carboniferous

  18. 5 million year old Ginko leaf fossil Ginkophyta Known from end of Cretaceous (end of age of dinoaurs)

  19. Coniferophyta (“evergreens” or “conifers”) Known since Late Carboniferous

  20. Pinus aristata Coniferophyta (“evergreens” or “conifers”) Known since Late Carboniferous

  21. Anthophyta (includes flowering plants) Some types known since Jurassic, but flowering plants known from end of Cretaceous

  22. Flowering Plants Monocots – Grasses and others Dicots – Flowers that give fruits

  23. The MONOCOTS comprise one-quarter of all flowering plant species. They include lilies, orchids, agaves, palms, and grasses.

  24. Flowering Plants: So just what ARE you eating?

  25. Flowering plants produce not only seeds, but fruits. So what exactly is a fruit? Or a vegetable for that matter? To understand, we have to turn to flowers and flower structure…

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