Computer Confluence 7/e

1. Computer Confluence 7/e © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

2. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Hardware Basics: Peripherals © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

3. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Objectives Input devices and their roles in getting different types of information into the computer Output devices and the ways they make computers more useful The functionality of different types of storage devices The ways the components of a computer system fit together © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

4. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Keyboard The most familiar input device Used to enter letters, numbers and special characters © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

5. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Standard keyboard Ergonomic keyboards To address possible medical problems Wireless keyboard Folding keyboards Used with palm-sizedcomputers One-handed keyboards Keyboards printed on membranes © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

6. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Pointing Devices Mouse Touchpad Pointing stick Trackball Joystick Graphics tablet Touch screen Stylus © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

7. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Reading Tools Reads marks representing codes specifically designed for computer input © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

8. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Optical-mark readers Magnetic-ink character readers Bar-code readers Pen scanners Tablet PC Smart whiteboard Radio Frequency Identification Readers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

9. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Digitizing the Real World Scanners capture and digitize printed images Flatbed Slide Drum Sheet-fed © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

10. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Digital camera Snapshots captured as digital images Digital images stored as bit patterns on disks or other digital storage media © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

11. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Video digitizer Capture input from a: Video camera Video cassette recorder or television Convert it to a digital signal Stored in memory and displayed on computer screens Videoconferencing People in diverse locations can see and hear each other Used to conduct long-distance meetings Video images transmitted through networks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

12. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Audio digitizers Digitize sounds from Microphones Other input devices Digital signals can be Stored Further processed with specialized software A digital signal processing chip compresses the stream of bits before it is transmitted to the CPU © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

13. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Speech recognition software Converts voice data into words that can be edited and printed © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

14. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Input: From Person to Processor Sensors Designed to monitor physical conditions Temperature, humidity, pressure Provide data used in: Robotics Environmental climate control Weather forecasting Medical monitoring Biofeedback Scientific research © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

15. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Screen Output A monitor or video display terminal (VDT) displays characters, graphics, photographic images, animation and video Video adapter—connects the monitor to the computer VRAM or video memory—a special portion of RAM to hold video images the more video memory, the more picture detail is displayed © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

16. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Monitor size: Measured as a diagonal line across the screen Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on the screen Pixels (or picture elements): tiny dots that compose a picture The higher the resolution, the closer together the dots Image quality is affected by resolution and color depth (or bit depth) Color depth refers to the number of different colors a monitor displays at one time © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

17. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Monitor classes CRTs (cathode-ray tubes) LCDs (liquid crystal displays) are now more popular Overhead projection panels Video projectors Portable computers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

18. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Paper Output Printers produce paper output or hard copy Two basic groups of printers: Impact printers Line printers Dot-matrix printers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

19. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Non-impact printers Laser printers Laser beam reflected off a rotating drum to create patterns of electrical charges Faster and more expensive than dot matrix printer High-resolution output Inkjet printers Sprays ink onto paper to produce printed text and graphic images Prints fewer pages/minute than laser printer High-quality color costing less than laser printer © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

20. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Multifunction printer or MFP combines a scanner, printer and a fax modem Plotter: can produce large, finely scaled engineering blueprints and maps © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

21. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Fax Machines and Fax Modems Facsimile (fax) machine Sending: fax machine scans each page as an image, converts the image into a series of electronic pulses, sends those signals over phone lines to another fax. Receiving: fax machine uses the signals to reconstruct the image and print black-and-white facsimiles or copies of the originals Fax modem: directly from PC to fax machine via modem & phone line © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

22. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Output You Can Hear Sound card Enables the PC to: Accept microphone input Play music and other sound through speakers or headphones Process sound in a variety of ways Synthesizers Used to produce music, noise © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

23. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Controlling Other Machines Output devices take bit patterns and turn them into non-digital movements Robot arms Telephone switchboards Transportation devices Automated factory equipment Spacecraft Force feedback joystick © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

24. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Output: From Pulses to People Rules of Thumb: Ergonomics and Health Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed Create a healthy workspace Build flexibility into your work environment Rest your eyes Stretch to loosen tight muscles Listen to your body Seek help when you need it © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

25. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Magnetic Tape Can store large amounts of information in a small space at a relatively low cost Limitation: sequential data access Used mainly for backup purposes © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

26. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Magnetic Disks Random data access Floppy disks Provide inexpensive, portable storage Hard disks Non-removable, rigid disks that spin continuously and rapidly Provide much faster access than a floppy disk Removable media (Zip & Jaz disks) Provide high-capacity portable storage © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

27. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Optical Disks Use laser beams to read and write bits of information on the disk surface Not as fast as magnetic hard disks Massive storage capacity Very reliable © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

28. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Storage Devices: Input Meets Output CD-ROM Optical drives that read CD-ROMs CD-R WORM media (write-once, read many) CD-RW Can read CD-ROMs and write, erase and rewrite data onto CD-R & CD-RW disks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

29. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Storage Devices: Input Meets Output DVD (Digital Versatile Disks) Store & distribute all kinds of data Hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of information DVD-ROM drives Can play DVD movies, read DVD data disks, read standard CD-ROMs, and play audio CDs Because they’re read-only, they can’t record data, music, or movies DVD-RAM drives Can read, erase, and write data (but not DVD video) on multi-gigabyte DVD-R (but not CD-R or CD-RW) media © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

30. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Solid-State Storage Devices Flash memory is an erasable memory chip Sizes range from 16 MB to 1 GB Compact alternative to disk storage Contains no moving parts Designed for specific applications such as storing pictures in digital cameras Likely to replace disk and tape storage © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

31. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Personal Computers: basic design classes Tower systems Tall, narrow boxes that generally have more expansion slots and bays than other designs Flat desktop systems Designed to sit under the monitor like a platform All-in-one systems (like the iMac) Combine monitor and system unit into a single housing © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

32. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Portable computers Include all the essential components, including keyboard and pointing device, in one compact box © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

33. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Ports and Slots Revisited The system or motherboard includes several standard ports: Serial Port for attaching devices that send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems) Parallel Port for attaching devices that send/receive bits in groups (printers) Keyboard/Mouse Portfor attaching a keyboard and a mouse © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

34. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Other ports are typically included on expansion boards rather than the system board: Video Port used to plug in a color monitor into the video board Microphone, speaker, headphone, MIDI ports used to attach sound equipment SCSI port allows several peripherals to be strung together and attached to a single port LAN port used faster connection to a local-area network (LAN) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

35. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Expansion Made Easy With the PC open architecture and the introduction of new interfaces, you can hot swap devices. USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more megabits per second High speed makes it ideal for data-intensive work like digital video FireWire 800 Recently introduced on high-end Macintosh systems offers 800 Mbps transfer speeds © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

36. Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Putting It All Together A typical computer system might have several different input, output, and storage peripherals -- the key is compatibility Networks blur the boundaries between computers Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals on a system The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system of interconnected networks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

37. You can count how many seeds are in the apple, but not how many apples are in the seed. —Ken Kesey, author ofOne Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals Tomorrow’s Storage Smaller disks that hold more a single-electron memory chip the size of a thumbnail that can store all the sounds and images of a full-length feature film Tomorrow’s Output Flat-panel screens are replacing desktop CRTs at an ever-increasing rate Retinal display that works without a screen © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

38. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors More sophisticated devices will serve as eyes, ears, and other types of sense organs for computer networks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

39. A computer terminal is not some clunky old television with a typewriter in front of it. It is an interface where the mind and body can connect with the universe and move bits of it about. —Douglas Adams, author of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Lesson Summary Peripherals allow computer to communicate with the outside world and store information for later useinformation The most common input devices today are the keyboard and the mouse A variety of other input devices can be connected to the computer © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

40. Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Lesson Summary Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with the computer: Because of their high-speed random access capability are the most common forms of storage on modern computers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

41. As a rule, men worrymore about what they can’t see than about what they can. —Julius Caesar Computer Confluence 7/eChapter 3Lesson Summary Network connections make it possible for computers to communicate with one another directly © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.