The Muscular System

1. The Muscular System Chapter 10

2. The Muscular System • Structure/function of muscles

3. Organization of Muscles • 600 Human skeletal muscles • General structural and functional topics • _____________________________ • connective tissues of muscle • coordinated actions of muscle groups • _____________________________

4. The Functions of Muscles • Movement of body parts and organ contents • ____________________________________ • ___________________ - speech, expression and writing • Control of openings and passageways • ____________________

5. Connective Tissues of a Muscle • Terms: • _______________ • _______________ • Endomysium • Fasicle • ______________ • ______________ • Deep fascia

6. Location of Fascia • Deep fascia • ____________________________ • ______________________________ • adipose between skin and muscles

7. Parts of a Skeletal Muscle • ______________ • attachment to stationary end of muscle • Belly • _______________ _______________ • _______________ • attachment to mobile end of muscle

8. Skeletal Muscle Shapes • _____________________________ (biceps brachii m.) • thick in middle and tapered at ends • Parallel muscles have parallel fascicles • rectus abdominis m. • Convergent muscle • broad at origin and tapering to a narrower insertion • ________________ muscles (rectus femoris and deltoid) • fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon • _________________________________________________ • ________________ (orbicularis oculi) • ring around body opening

9. Muscle Actions • Prime mover or agonist • __________________________ • ______________________ aids the prime mover • stabilizes the nearby joint • modifies the direction of movement • Antagonist • ___________________________ • preventing excessive movement and injury • _________________________ • prevents movement of bone

10. Muscle Actions during Elbow Flexion • Prime mover (agonist) = brachialis • Synergist = biceps brachii • Antagonist = triceps brachii • Fixator = muscle that holds scapula firmly in place • rhomboideus m.

11. Bipennate parallel circular convergent multipennate fusiform unipennate

12. fiber • Fibril • perimysium • Fasicle • endomysium • Epimysium • Deep fascia

13. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Muscles • ___________ are contained within a region such as the hand. • ______________ move the fingers but are found outside the region.

14. Skeletal Muscle Innervation • _____________ arising from the brain • exit the skull through foramina • numbered I to XII • ____________________ arising from the spinal cord • exit the vertebral column through intervertebral foramina

15. How Muscles are Named • English names for muscles are modifications of the Latin names. • Table 10.1 = terms used to name muscles • _______________ = elevates a body part • profundus = deepest • _____________________ = having 4 heads

17. Athletic Injuries • Vulnerable to sudden and intense stress • Proper conditioning and warm-up needed • Common injuries • _____________________ • pulled hamstrings • _____________________ • Treat with rest, ice, compression and elevation • “No pain, no gain” is a dangerous misconception