School Mgt & Ad Unit 3

1. UNIT – III EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION By Dr S KARTHIK & Dr K SUDHAKAR

3. Educational administration Educational Administration refers to guidance leadership and control of the efforts of education institutions or programs towards achievement of educational goals. In education, administration contains much that we mean by the word Government and is closely related in content to such words as superintendence, supervision, planning, oversight, direction, organisation, control, guidance and regulation.----- Jesse. B. Sears

4. Nature of Educational Administration Educational administration occurs whenever and wherever there is an educational institution. The members of the community, the government officers, the teachers, the educational administrators and the students are involved in this process of administration. The nature of educational administration in a democratic community is different from a totalitarian state or socialistic regime. But this process is concerned only with educational institutions.

5. Aims and Objectives of Educational Administration Educational administration needs integration and coordination of all the physical and human resources and educational elements. Aims and Objectives of Educational Administration are: To Provide proper education to students  Ensure Adequate Utilization of all Resources  Ensure Professional Ethics and Professional Development among Teachers.  Organize educational programmes  Mobilize the community

6. Get the work done Organise co-curricular activities  Train the students  Prepare students Ensure qualitative improvement of education Scope of Educational Administration To organize the means of arrangements - Interrelationship along with order for people, materials, procedure, knowledge and the work can be done. Command or to direction. Coordination. Control

7. Four major types of educational administration 1. Centralized and Decentralized Educational Administration: This type of educational administration refers to the centralization of the power and responsibility of educational administration, supervision and control which results in educational administration on one hand and on other division and distribution of powers and responsibilities of educational administration, supervision and control that results in educational administration.

8. Four major types of educational administration 2. External and Internal Educational Administration : The External Administration of educational programme means for those elements, factors and supporting agencies which provide opportunities and facilities for the smooth administration of educational programme in external perspective whereas Internal Educational Administration refers to administration of any educational programme is vested upon the persons who are actively and internally involved in the administration of every educational programme.

9. Four major types of educational administration 3. Authoritarian / Autocratic and Democratic Educational Administration: Just like centralized administration, authoritarian plays its role. As in centralized administration the centralization of the power and responsibility of educational administration centered in and exercised by, a central power, organisation or agency whereas democratic administration is same as Decentralization where this type of administration in which control is vested in the agencies or persons ranging from grass-root level to top level. It recognizes the rights of all the agencies or persons who are linked with the educational institution.

10. Principles of Democratic Educational Administration Sharing Responsibility Freedom Principles Equality Freedom

11. Four major types of educational administration 4. Creative Educational Administration The creative administration of every educational programme indicates the uniqueness of the head of the educational institution in which the programme is conducted. Lassiez faire Educational Administration This type of administration gives excessive freedom to the functionaries or personnel involving in it.

12. Major functions of educational administration in India Planning Organization Direction Controlling involves getting the work done involves measuring and monitoring performance, comparing results with plans and taking corrective action when required Define the purpose, analyze and identify tasks required to meet the objectives Systematic, organised and an articulated scheme of working. Motivating people, determining accountability and developing guidelines for action At the beginning of the session Establish a reporting and communication channel

13. Administration vs. Management 1. Meaning: Administration deal with a group of people. On the other hand, Management dealt with mere people. 2. Authority: administration belongs to a higher level, as well as management belongs to low and middle levels. 3. Attention: After formulating a suitable policy that has to implement. These important works lead by respectively administration and management. 4. Operation: If we want to differ both from the operational perspective, we can say with controlling. All works of administration are controlled. Additionally, management does it under the administration.

14. 5. Personality: The administrator plays a vital role in administering. On the other hand, the manager does the same thing to accelerate management. 6. Application: Administration is a service-oriented initiative. At the same time, management is a profit oriented operation. 7. Enactment: In administration, the owner tries to increase investment. On the other hand, payment is the only target for employees in management. 8. Consistency: Plans and actions include in management, whereby Policies and objectives include in administration. 9. Managing Thought: Administration always tries to use the maximum utilization of resources. Whereas management engages with only people and their own work. 10. Style: The management style can change when a leader or manager is removed or installed from an organization. 

15. Leadership A leader should have the ability to maintain good interpersonal relations with the followers or subordinates and motivate them to help in achieving the organizational objectives. Leadership is the ―Process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.- M. Chemers.

16. Nature of Leadership Leadership is a process‘ (focusing on what leaders actually do) and a property‘. As a process, leadership is the use of non-coercive influence to shape the group‘s or organization‘s goals, to motivate behaviour toward the achievement of those goals, and to help define group or organizational culture. As a property, leadership is the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders.

17. Types of leadership styles 1. Laissez-Faire: A laissez-faire leader lacks direct supervision of employees and falls to provide regular feedback to those under his supervision. 2. Autocratic: The autocratic leadership style allows managers to make decisions alone without the input of others. 3. Participative: Often called the democratic leadership style, participative leadership values the input of team members and peers. 4. Transactional : Managers using the transactional leadership style receive certain tasks to perform and provide rewards of punishments to team members based on performance results.

18. 5. Transformational: The transformational leadership style depends on high levels of communication from management to meet goals. Measurement of Leadership Kirkpatrick Model of Four Levels Level I: Reaction • The focus here is on learner satisfaction and general reaction to the training. Level 2: Learning • The goal here is to determine whether learners gained knowledge and skills from the leadership development program.

19. Level 3: Behavior • The objective of behavior change measurement is to understand whether training was, in fact, transferred to on-the-job behaviors. • It is an objective assessment of program participants and the performance improvement (or lack thereof) in leadership behaviors according to those who matter most, their direct reports. Level 4: Results • The goal here is to investigate whether training had an impact on the bottom line. • The objective is to quantify the hard dollar value associated with improvement in retention, engagement and productivity, and other indicators.

20. Thus Educational Administration refers to guidance leadership and control of the efforts of education institutions or programs towards achievement of educational goals.

22. For Further queries and book purchase please contact Dr. S. Karthik  E-mail: matkarthik@gmail.com Contact@9944480552 Dr. K. Sudhakar  E-mail: drksr1282@gmail.com Contact@9486531202