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BIOL 2336 Biology of Seedless Plants Prof. Keith Winterhalder wintergreensympatico

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKSRecommended text (ordered) Botany (2nd Edition) by Moore, Clark

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BIOL 2336 Biology of Seedless Plants Prof. Keith Winterhalder wintergreensympatico

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    1. BIOL 2336 Biology of Seedless Plants Prof. Keith Winterhalder wintergreen@sympatico.ca

    3. Tentative Marking Scheme

    4. What is a PLANT? Any organisms that is green and photosynthesizes? Almost, but not quite. For example……..

    7. What about cyanobacteria (‘blue-green algae’), Euglena and lichens?

    8. And even freshwater sponges and corals can be green and photosynthetic, as the result of the presence of symbiotic algae!

    9. And are there any non-green plants? Yes - a few plants have adapted to a heterotrophic lifestyle, e.g.

    10. Conopholis americana (Squaw-root), parasitic on the roots of trees

    12. If a plant is “seedless”, how does it reproduce? By SPORES of various sorts, some of which are motile and some of which are not. (even seed plants have spores, but they have evolved to a state in which they may not be recognizable as such)

    14. Then what is a ‘plant’ in the strictest sense? According to the most popular current scheme of classification, a plant is a member of the Plant Kingdom

    15. The Five Kingdom classification (Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes) Eubacteria (includes the ‘blue-green algae’) Archaebacteria Prot(oct)ista (includes the algae) Fungi (includes the fungal component of the lichens) Plantae ( the ‘true plants’, comprising the mosses, liverworts and hornworts which are non-vascular, the seedless vascular plants (ferns & fern-allies) and the seed plants)

    16. The Algae (Moore et al., pp. 632-661) Division CHLOROPHYTA (Green Algae) Division PHAEOPHYTA (Brown Algae) Division RHODOPHYTA (Red Algae) Division CHRYSOPHYTA (Golden Algae, Diatoms, Yellow-green Algae) Division PYRRHOPHYTA (Dinoflagellates) Division EUGLENOPHYTA (Euglenoids)

    17. Distinguishing Features of Algal Divisions (see Table 27.1 in text) Habitat Photosynthetic Pigments Cell-wall Components Carbohydrate Stored Number and types of flagella

    19. Alternation of Generations (Moore et al., p. 213)

    20. Mitosis & Meiosis Compared (Raven et al.) - see Moore et al., Chapter 10 for details of meiosis

    21. Gamete Differentiation in Algae (Moore et al., Fig. 27.6)

    23. Unicellular, Motile Green Algae, e.g. Chlamydomonas

    24. Chlamydomonas Life-History (Moore et al.)

    25. Chlamydomonas Life-History (Raven et al.)

    26. Unicellular, Motile Green Algae - Haematococcus - the Birdbath Alga

    27. Unicellular, Non-Motile Green Algae Producing Zoospores, e.g. Tetracystis

    28. Unicellular, Non-motile Green Algae without a Motile Stage - Chlorella

    29. Colonial, Motile Green Algae - Gonium, Pandorina & Eudorina

    30. Colonial Motile Green Algae - Volvox

    31. Volvox - Sexual Reproduction

    32. Colonial, Non-motile Green Algae - Hydrodictyon, Scenedesmus & Pediastrum

    33. Filamentous Green Algae exhibiting Conjugation - Spirogyra

    34. Unicellular Green Algae exhibiting Conjugation - the Desmids

    35. Filamentous, Unbranched Green Algae exhibiting Oogamy - Oedogonium

    36. Oedogonium, Sexual Reproduction

    37. Filamentous, Branched Green Algae exhibiting Isomorphic Alternation of Generations - Cladophora

    38. Laminar Green Algae exhibiting Isomorphic Alternation of Generations - Ulva

    39. The Coenocytic (“siphonous”) Green Algae - Order Siphonales

    41. The “Plant-like” Green Algae - the Stoneworts - Chara

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