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What is Aggression?. Antisocial behavior that ends in physical or emotional injury Can be verbal or physicalBehaviors include; slapping, grabbing, pinching, kicking, spitting, biting, threatening, degrading, shaming, snubbing, gossiping, attacking, reviling, teasing, demolishing. Types of Aggression.
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1. Handling Children’s Aggressive Behavior
3. Types of Aggression ACCIDENTAL- hurtful behavior happens by chance
EXPRESSIVE-pleasurable sensory experience for the aggressor
INSTRUMENTAL- children become so intent on getting what they want or defending something that they engage in physical disputes (most commonly expressed by children 2-6 years old.)
4. HOSTILE- intent to harm or injure a victim (found more in older children)
Expressed in two ways
1. Overt aggression—harm to others through physical injury or the threat of physical injury
2. Relational aggression—damage to another person’s ego or relationships, through gossip or lies.
5. Reasons for Aggression Biology
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Distorted-perception hypothesis
Direct instruction
Reinforcement
Modeling
Lack of knowledge and skills
6. Emergence of Aggression Toddlers & preschoolers are impulsive with limited language skills
Instrumental aggression reaches its peak during these years
Overall decline in aggression in school age children
School age children’s greater cognitive and language skills leads to reduction in instrumental aggression
7. Same abilities lead to increase in hostile aggression
Shift from physical to verbal taunt as children get older
8. Patterns of aggression Aggression becomes a somewhat stable attribute over time
Amount of aggression children display as preschoolers tends to carry through into grade school
Child’s characteristic level of aggression at about eight is a reasonably good predictor of his or her tendency toward aggression in adulthood
9. Gender differences Infants and toddlers, differences are small in both amount and type
Age 2 and above males are overtly more aggressive
Females’ level of relational aggression appear to be equal to males’ overt aggresion