Chapter 10

1. Chapter 10 Event Handling

2. Events Mouse move Key press Button click . . . originate from event source processed by event listener

3. Event classes Event class (e.g. MouseEvent). Contains information about the event (e.g. mouse location) Event listener. Knows what to do when the event occurs. Implements listener interface (e.g. MouseListener) Event source. Keeps a list of listeners and notifies them when the event occurs

4. Figure 1 Event Classes

5. Listening to mouse events • MouseListener interface has 5 methods • void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) • void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) • void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) • void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) • void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)

6. Spying on events • class MouseSpy implements MouseListener{ public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { System.out.println ("Mouse clicked. x=" + e.getX() + " y=" + e.getY()); } // same for other 4 listener methods}

7. Adding the listener • public class MouseSpyApplet{ public MouseSpyApplet() { MouseSpy listener = new MouseSpy(); addMouseListener(listener); }}

8. Figure 2 Spying on Mouse Events

9. Event Adapters • Most mouse listeners only need one or two of the 5 listener methods • Boring to redefine the others to do nothing • MouseAdapter implements all 5 methods to do nothing. • Extend MouseAdapter and just override the methods you need • Other listener interfaces with > 1 method also have adapters

10. Move egg to mouse position • public class EggApplet extends Applet{ public EggApplet() { egg = new Ellipse2D.Double(...); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; g2.draw(egg); } private Ellipse2D.Double egg;}

11. Add mouse listener • public EggApplet(){ . . . MouseClickListener listener = new MouseClickListener(); addListener(listener);} • class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter{ public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { // set egg center to // e.getX(), e.getY() }}

12. Make the listener an inner class • Listener can't access egg instance variable • Make it an inner class • class EggApplet{ . . .private class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter { . . . }} • Inner class methods can access outer class instance variables

13. Inner classes • class EggApplet extends Applet{ . . . private class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter { public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent e) { int mouseX = e.getX(); int mouseY = e.getY(); egg.setFrame(...); repaint(); } }}

14. Accessing outer class features • Inner class has no egg instance variable • Accesses outer class variable • Inner class has no repaint method • Calls outer class method • On which EggApplet instance? • The one that constructed the inner class object—the inner class object remembers who constructed it

15. Figure 3 An Inner-Class Object Remembers the Outer-Class Object That Constructed It

16. Program EggApplet.java import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; public class EggApplet extends Applet { public EggApplet() { egg = new Ellipse2D.Double(0, 0, EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HEIGHT); // add mouse click listener MouseClickListener listener = new MouseClickListener(); addMouseListener(listener); }

17. public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; g2.draw(egg); } private Ellipse2D.Double egg; private static final double EGG_WIDTH = 30; private static final double EGG_HEIGHT = 50; // inner class definition private class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter { public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { int mouseX = event.getX(); int mouseY = event.getY(); // now move the ellipse to(mouseX, mouseY)

18. egg.setFrame(mouseX - EGG_WIDTH / 2, mouseY - EGG_HEIGHT / 2, EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HEIGHT); repaint(); } } }

19. Figure 4 Handling Mouse Events

20. Graphical Applications • Live inside frame window • Set size and title • Call show method • That ends the main method, but the program keeps running • GUI thread handles events

21. Figure 5 A Frame Window

22. Program FrameTest1.java import javax.swing.JFrame; public class FrameTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) { EmptyFrame frame = new EmptyFrame(); frame.setTitle("Frame Test"); frame.show(); } } class EmptyFrame extends JFrame { public EmptyFrame() { final int DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH = 300; final int DEFAULT_FRAME_HEIGHT = 300; setSize(DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, DEFAULT_FRAME_HEIGHT); } }

23. Quitting Graphical Apps • Define window closer:class WindowCloser extends WindowAdapter{ public void windowClosing (WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); }} • Add as window listener to the frame

24. Program FrameTest2.java import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class FrameTest2 { public static void main(String[] args) { EmptyFrame frame = new EmptyFrame(); frame.setTitle("Close me!"); frame.show(); } }

25. class EmptyFrame extends JFrame { public EmptyFrame() { final int DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH = 300; final int DEFAULT_FRAME_HEIGHT = 300; setSize(DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, DEFAULT_FRAME_HEIGHT); WindowCloser listener = new WindowCloser(); addWindowListener(listener); } private class WindowCloser extends WindowAdapter { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) { System.exit(0); } } }

26. Add GUI components • Panels (for drawing) • Text fields (for text input) • Buttons • Menus

27. Drawing on a Panel • public class MyPanel extends JPanel{ public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; // your drawing code here }}

28. Figure 6 Anatomy of a Swing Frame

29. Layout Manager • Content pane uses the border layout by default • Container contentPane = getContentPane();contentPane.add(myPanel, "Center");

30. Figure 7 Component Areas of a Border Layout

31. Text input • JTextField textField = new JTextField();contentPane.add(textField, "South"); • JTextField generates action events • ActionListener interface has a single method: actionPerformed

32. Figure 8 A Frame with a Text Field

33. Processing Text Input • class TextFieldListener implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent event) { // get user input String input = textField.getText(); // process input . . . // clear text field input.setText(""); }}

34. Figure 9 Drawing Random Eggs

35. Program Eggs.java import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextField;

36. public class Eggs { public static void main(String[] args) { EggFrame frame = new EggFrame(); frame.setTitle("Enter number of eggs"); frame.show(); } } class EggFrame extends JFrame { public EggFrame() { final int DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH = 300; final int DEFAULT_FRAME_HEIGHT = 300; setSize(DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, DEFAULT_FRAME_HEIGHT); addWindowListener(new WindowCloser()); // construct components panel = new EggPanel();

37. textField = new JTextField(); textField.addActionListener(new TextFieldListener()); // add components to content pane Container contentPane = getContentPane(); contentPane.add(panel, "Center"); contentPane.add(textField, "South"); } private JTextField textField; private EggPanel panel; private class TextFieldListener implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { // get user input String input = textField.getText(); // process user input

38. panel.setEggCount(Integer.parseInt(input)); // clear text field textField.setText(""); } } private class WindowCloser extends WindowAdapter { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) { System.exit(0); } } } class EggPanel extends JPanel { public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;

39. // draw eggCount ellipses with random centers Random generator = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < eggCount; i++) { double x = getWidth() * generator.nextDouble(); double y = getHeight() * generator.nextDouble(); Ellipse2D.Double egg = new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HEIGHT); g2.draw(egg); } } /** Sets the number of eggs to be drawn and repaints the panel. @param count the new number of eggs */

40. public void setEggCount(int count) { eggCount = count; repaint(); } private int eggCount; private static final double EGG_WIDTH = 30; private static final double EGG_HEIGHT = 50; }