Fabric: Types of Weaves

1. Fabric: Types of Weaves Students will learn about the types of fabric weaves, how it is constructed, common fabrics, and uses.

2. Types of Fabric Weaves • An important factors in creating beautiful fabrics is how they are woven. • By changing the weave of a fabric, the total look and use of the fabric can be changed. • Three basic woven types: plain, twill, and satin.

3. Plain Weave • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: each filling yarn goes alternately under and over the warp yarns • COMMON FABRICS: cotton calicos, cheesecloth, gingham, percale, voile • HOUSEHOLD USES: draperies, tablecloths, upholstery

4. Twill • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: three or more shafts; warp or filling floats over two or more counterpart yarns in progressive steps right or left • COMMON FABRICS: denim, gabardine, serge, tweed • HOUSEHOLD USES: upholstery, comforters, pillows

5. Satin • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: Floats one warp yarn over four or more weft yarns, then tied down with one thread, resulting in a smooth face • COMMON FABRICS: satin, satin-weave fabrics out of fabrics such as cotton. Creates a permanent luster opposed to a finish on a fabric (satin-weave cotton versus polished cotton) • HOUSEHOLD USES: draperies, quilts

6. Variations • Other variations of the three basic weaves create patterns in woven fabrics. • Examples: Stripes, checks, and plaids are made by inserting yarns of different colors where the lines are wanted.

7. Variations: Basket • A variation of the plain weave in a basket or checkerboard pattern. Contrasting colors are often used. Inexpensive. Less durable than plain weave. • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: two or more warps simultaneously interlaced with one or more fillings • COMMON FABRICS: monks cloth, oxford • HOUSEHOLD USES: wall hangings, pillows

8. Jacquard • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: warp is individually controlled with each pick passage creating intricate designs on a jacquard loom. • COMMON FABRICS: brocade, damask, tapestry • HOUSEHOLD USES: upholstery, wall hangings

9. Uncut Pile • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: a plain or twill weave with an additional warp yarn or filling yarn in the basic structure and forms a loop at regular intervals • COMMON FABRICS: Frieze, terry cloth • HOUSEHOLD USES: Upholstery, towels, carpet, area rugs

10. Cut Pile • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: Similar to uncut pile, but loops have been cut • COMMON FABRICS: corduroy, velvet, velveteen, fake fur • HOUSEHOLD USES: upholstery, stage draperies, towels, rugs

11. Non-woven) • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: Fibers are bonded together by mechanical or chemical means • COMMON FABRICS: Pelon • HOUSEHOLD USES: Bedding, backing for quilts, dust cloths for box springs, carpet backing, and upholstered furniture

12. Felt • METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION: Felting occurs when heat, moisture, agitation, and pressure are applied to wool fibers, causing the fibers to interlock permanently. • COMMON FABRICS: felt • HOUSEHOLD USES: padding, sound-proofing, insulation, filtering, and polishing.

13. Film • Method of Construction: Made from synthetic solutions formed into thin sheets • Common Fabrics: Vinyl • Household Uses: Tablecloths, shower curtains, draperies, upholstery, and wall coverings