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Origins of agriculture Hunters and gatherers 1 st agricultural revolution – domestication (10-12,000 years ago) plan

Agriculture. Origins of agriculture Hunters and gatherers 1 st agricultural revolution – domestication (10-12,000 years ago) plants, animals. C. Hearth areas 1. Vegetative Southeast Asia, West Africa South America 2. Seeds India / Fertile Crescent East China, Mesoamerica .

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Origins of agriculture Hunters and gatherers 1 st agricultural revolution – domestication (10-12,000 years ago) plan

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  1. Agriculture • Origins of agriculture • Hunters and gatherers • 1st agricultural revolution – domestication (10-12,000 years ago) plants, animals

  2. C. Hearth areas 1. Vegetative Southeast Asia, West Africa South America 2. Seeds India / Fertile Crescent East China, Mesoamerica

  3. II. Impact of domestication • Social • 1. Settlements • Social stratification • social evolution • 3. Writing • B. Economic • 1. Division of labor • Accumulation of material goods (wealth) • Wealth = need for security, army

  4. Demographic • Population growth • Sanitation • Epidemics (proximity) • Diet • D. Environmental - • Deforestation • Desertification, salinization • More hours of labor

  5. III. Second agricultural revolution III. Second agricultural revolution • III. Second agricultural revolution • When • Climate • C. Innovations- techniques, technologies • D. Hearth area, diffusion • E. Impact D New techniques New technologies C. Hearth area, diffusion D. Impact

  6. IV. Third - "Green Revolution" A. When B. Innovations C. Diffusion C. Impact - Moral economy

  7. World Agriculture Regions

  8. V. Agriculture in LDCs A. Shifting agr (swidden, slash and burn) B. Pastoral nomadism • Intensive subsistence agr (rice) mulberry, fish, rice system D. Plantations

  9. Labor Force in Agriculture, 2005 Fig. 10-3: A large proportion of workers in most LDCs are in agriculture, while only a small percentage of workers in MDCs are engaged in agriculture.

  10. VI. Agr in MDCs • Mixed crop and livestock • Dairy farming C. Grain farming D. Livestock ranching

  11. World Corn Production, 2005 Fig. 10-7: The U.S. accounts for about 40% of world corn (maize) production. China is the 2nd largest producer. Much of the corn in both countries is used for animal feed.

  12. VII. Von Thunen Isolated State Model • distance and transport costs • Assumptions • Concentric zones • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.

  13. VII. Global food supply • A. Distribution • Actual v. relative scarcity • B. International policies • Agricultural monopolies • Biofuels • Political instability • Urbanization • Environmental issues • D. Local instability

  14. Undernourished Proportion Fig. 10-16: The proportion of under-nourished population has declined in most LDCs, but is much higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other areas of the world.

  15. Farmland Loss in Maryland Fig. 10-1.1: Overlaps of soil quality, environmental & cultural features, and population growth may show areas of greatest threat of farmland loss in Maryland.

  16. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/26/AR2008042602041_3.html?sid=ST2008042602333http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/26/AR2008042602041_3.html?sid=ST2008042602333

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