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Chapter 6 The Integumentary System

Chapter 6 The Integumentary System. Skin, nails, hair, glands and nerve endings makes up the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Skin is largest organ of the body Two parts: Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous (SubQ), deep to dermis also called superficial fascia or hypodermis. Skin Anatomy EPIDERMIS.

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Chapter 6 The Integumentary System

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  1. Chapter 6The Integumentary System • Skin, nails, hair, glands and nerve endings makes up the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM • Skin is largest organ of the body • Two parts: • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous (SubQ), deep to dermis also called superficial fascia or hypodermis

  2. Skin Anatomy EPIDERMIS • Five layers (deep to superficial i.e. from bottom to top) • Stratum BASAL (base) AKA Stratum Germinativum (jer-mi-na-TE-vum) = germ • Stratum SPINOSUM (spines like) • Stratum GRANULOSUM • Stratum LUCIDUM (clear as in lucid thinking) • FOUND IN PALMS and FEET ONLY • Stratum CORNEUM (think of it like a crown) really means horn • (Big Sweet Guys Love Candy)

  3. Skin Anatomy detailsEPIDERMIS • EPI= above, ( the epitome of boredom) • Cells: • KERATINOCYTES, protein Keratin, waterproofs, protects, (never needs ironing) • MELANOCYTES- black-brown pigment, protects nucleus from the sun’s UV rays • Langerhans- immunity • Merckel- touch+-

  4. Skin Anatomy DetailsDERMIS • Dermal Papillae = fingerprints • Meissner’s Corpuscles = touch (touch ME) in dermal papillae • Extensibility- stretch ability • Elasticity- bounce back ability

  5. Fingerprints • Epidermal ridges • Conform to the underlying dermal papillae • Increase grip by increasing friction • Unique for everyone • each finger maybe different • Comes in, loops, arches, whorls (LAW)

  6. Skin facts • Callus will occur in the epidermis • Stretch marks occur in the dermis • The closest estimate of the average thickness of the skin is 1.5 mm • We get new skin every 2-4 weeks • Seventy-five percent of house dust is dead skin • As cells migrate to the surface they lose their nucleus and so become ________

  7. Subcutaneous Fat Distribution

  8. Skin Colors • Blacks = Melanin • Asians = Carotene • Whites = Little melanin, carotene and blood hemoglobin • Albinos = lack melanocytes YES NO

  9. Abnormal Skin Colors • Cyanosis is blueness • Erythema is redness can be from sunburn, exercise, initially noted in trauma, physical abuse • Hematoma is the result of the trauma • bleeding into tissue, blue/black bruise, visible clotted blood • Jaundice is yellowness • Pallor is paleness • Anemia- (often blue whites of the eyes) • Albinism • Lines of Cleavage = lines of collagen, denotes a good surgeon from a poor one from scar

  10. Skin Markings • Hemangiomas (birthmarks) • discolored skin caused by benign tumors of dermal blood capillaries (strawberry birthmarks disappear in childhood -- port wine birthmarks last for life) • Freckles & moles = aggregations of melanocytes • freckles are flat; moles are elevated • Flexion creases form after birth by repeated closing of the hand

  11. Functions of the Skin • Receptors for sensory functions • heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration & pain • Emotions/ Psychological • facial expression and nonverbal communication • appearance & social acceptance • D vitamin synthesis • Temperature regulation • sweat glands • retain or dissipate heat • Immunity • Protection • water barrier, UV barrier

  12. Hair Functions • Hair: protection from sun, heat loss • Anatomy: Shaft, root, follicle, bulb=growth • Sebaceous (oil) gland • Arrector pili muscle= goose bumps • Body hair • alerts us to bugs crawling on skin • Scalp hair provides heat retention & sunburn cover • Pubic & axillary hair indicate sexual maturity & help distribute sexual scents

  13. Structure of Hair Follicle

  14. Nail • Nails grow 1 mm per week Epidermal ridges • Nails: Body, free edge, root, eponychium (ep-o-NIK-e-um)= cuticle, lunula (lacking in some fingers, usually)

  15. Cutaneous Glands • Sweat glands • Mammary glands • modified sweat glands- secrete milk • Additional nipples (polythelia) • Sebaceous glands • Ceruminous Glands (se-ROO- mi- nus) = wax. • Found only in external ear • Cerumin is wax and oil (from sebaceous glands) • With hairs prevents bugs from entering the ears

  16. Diseases of the Skin • Skin cancer • induced by UV rays of the sun • basal cell carcinoma • arises from stratum basale • squamous cell carcinoma • arises from stratum spinosum • malignant melanoma (deadly cancer) • from a preexisting mole • SIGNS: ABCD--Asymmetry, Border irregular, Color mixed & Diameter over 6 mm • Prevention= beta-carotene, anti-oxidants, dermatologist exam

  17. Skin Treatment • Pruritus (proo-RI-tus)- itching skin, oatmeal • Acne- beta-carotene • Cysts- black salve, enema • Cold sores- Herpes I, L-lysine, acidophilus • General skin care- dry brushing, sweating • What’s good for the skin is good for the whole body. Why?

  18. Burns • Third degree burn is painless, why?

  19. Sunscreens • As sale of sunscreens has risen so has skin cancer • those who use sunscreen have higher incidence of basal cell cancer • chemical in sunscreen damage the skin’s DNA • sunscreen can also generate harmful free radicals • PABA, zinc oxide & titanium dioxide

  20. MOVIE IS CANCELED Sorry, due to College policy…

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