DISCLAIMER This Presentation may contain Copyrighted Material, DO NOT DISTRIBUTE

1. DISCLAIMERThis Presentation may contain Copyrighted Material, DO NOT DISTRIBUTE

2. Benchmark SC.B.1.2.2: The student recognizes various forms of energy (e.g., heat, light, and electricity) Ophir Ortiz

3. Outline Outline • Energy Definition • Vocabulary • Forms of Energy- Light GLE • Forms of Energy- Heat GLE • Forms of Energy- Sound GLE • Potential and Kinetic Energy GLE • Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy GLE • Frequency, wavelength, and energy GLE

4. Vocabulary

5. Vocabulary (cont’d)

6. What is ENERGY??? • Energyis defined as “the ability to dowork” • When we eat, our bodies transform the energy stored in the food into energy to do work • When we run or walk, we "burn" food energy in our bodies • When we think or read or write, we are also doing work

7. What is ENERGY??? • Energy can be found in a number of different forms. It can be • chemical energy • electrical energy • heat (thermal energy) • light (radiant energy) • mechanical energy • nuclear energy.

8. Energy • Energy makes everything happen and can be divided into two types: • Stored energy is called potential energy. • Moving energy is called kinetic energy. • With a pencil, try this example to know the two types of energy. • Put the pencil at the edge of the desk and push it off to the floor. The moving pencil uses kinetic energy. • Now, pick up the pencil and put it back on the desk. You used your own energy to lift and move the pencil. Moving it higher than the floor adds energy to it. As it rests on the desk, the pencil has potential energy. The higher it is, the further it could fall. That means the pencil has more potential energy.

9. PotentialandKineticEnergy Applet

10. PotentialandKineticEnergy ActivityDownhill Activity Two cylinders that look the same may roll down a hill at different rates. In this activity, two cylinders are rolled down a ramp • Washers are arranged inside the cylinders (outside of the rim for one cylinder, center of the rim for the second cylinder) • Due to the mass distribution, the rims with the mass along the sides will have to use more of its Potential Energy just to get moving, and this is why it will be slower than the other rim Source:http://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/downhill_race.html

11. Forms of Energy: Light What is light? • It's a kind of energy called "electromagnetic (EM) radiation" • More information on electromagnetic radiation in the appendix • light is the part WE can see, the part that makes the rainbow

12. Light Activity:Lets Make a Rainbow!! MATERIALS: • glass jar or a large drinking glass • small mirror • flashlight • dark room with white walls PROCESS: • Fill the jar or glass with water. • Place the mirror inside the water filled jar or glass. • Tilt the mirror slightly upward. • In a very dark room with white walls, shine the flashlight onto the mirror. • A rainbow will appear! (Note: If no rainbow appears at first, just change the angle of the light from the flashlight or change the angle of the mirror.) EXPLANATION: • The mirror reflects light that passes back through the water, traveling at an angle. The water bends, or refracts, the light. As the light bends, it separates into the colors of the rainbow...red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. http://www.weatherwizkids.com/rainbow1.htm

13. Forms of Energy: Heat • Heat is another form of energy. • At absolute zero (-273°C) the particles do not vibrate. • When we heat something we make the particles move faster. • The thermometer is a tool used to measure heat energy Hyperlinked Image

14. Activity:How to Make a Thermometer http://www.wattsonschools.com/pdf/ue-2.pdf

15. Forms of Energy: Sound • Sound energy is the energy of vibrating particles. • When you pluck a guitar string you are giving it kinetic energy. • The vibrating string makes the air around it vibrate. • You can hear these vibrations because the vibrating air (sound waves) travel to your ear and make your eardrum vibrate. Hyperlinked Image

16. Sources of Energy

17. Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources of Energy • We use many different energy sources to do work for us. • Energy sources are classified into two groups: renewable energy source- this type of energy can be made again and again and • non-renewable energy- this type of energy can run out because it takes millions of years to make more

18. Sources of EnergyBrain POP Video

19. Renewable Energy Sources http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html

20. Renewable Energy Sources • Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat.  • Wind, geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable energy sources.

21. Biomass Energy • Biomass is matter usually thought of as garbage (i.e., dead trees, tree branches, woodchips, bark, sawdust) • This “garbage” can be used to produce electricity, heat, compost material or fuels • How biomass works: • The waste (scraps) gathered in a truck • The truck transports the waste to a biomass power plant • The biomass is burned in a furnace • The heat is used to boil water in the boiler • The energy in the steam is used to turn turbines and generators

22. Biomass EnergyFlash Movie Hyperlinked Image

23. Hydro-Power! What is Hydro-Power? • Water is another very important renewable energy resource • Hydro-power is energy that comes from the force of moving water ٭A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy ٭Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy Alexander Hydroelectric Plant on the Wisconsin River

24. Hydroelectric Plant http://www.wvic.com/hydro-works.htm

25. Hydro-Power Activity Objective: The students will learn the concept of “water pressure”, and how this relates to the production of hydropower. Materials: • Half gallon paper milk carton (empty and washed out) • Gallon of water • Awl or 10p nail • Masking tape • Ruler • Magic marker • Pair of scissors • Pad of paper and pencil to take notes http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/hydro-power.html

26. Renewable Energy Source:Hydrogen • Hydrogen, a renewable energy source, is the most plentiful gas in the universe! • Hydrogen is an energy carrier for the future. It is a clean fuel that can be used in places where it’s hard to use electricity. Sending electricity a long way costs four times as much as shipping hydrogen by pipeline. • Renewable energy sources—like solar and wind—can’t produce energy all the time. • Hydrogen can store the energy until it’s needed and can be moved to where it’s needed.

27. Hydrogen as a Fuel

28. Hydrogen Activity http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/split_h2o.html • The objective of this experiment is to produce hydrogen by using electrolysis Link to webpage:

29. Non-Renewable Energy Sources http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html

30. Non-Renewable Energy Sources • We get most of our energy from nonrenewable energy sources, which include the fossil fuels -- oil, natural gas, and coal. • They're called fossil fuels because they were formed over millions and millions of years by the action of heat from the Earth's core and pressure from rock and soil on the remains (or "fossils") of dead plants and animals. 

31. Energy Sources Produce Electricity • Renewable and non-renewable energy sources are used to produce electricity • We use electricity everyday, for example: When you do things like play video games Make a milkshake in your blender Watch TV Surf the Net and turn on the light in your bedroom

32. Electricity • Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge • It is caused by the movement of electrons

33. Electric Circuits Activity http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/

34. Activity: Make a Battery from a Lemon http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/lemon.html • In this activity, you will make a voltaic battery out of a lemon • A voltaic battery changes chemical energy to electrical energy

35. Electricity Activity-How Much Does it Cost? The objective of this activity is to introduce to the student the concept of conserving energy by investigating the cost of using electricity, and how different electrical device require different amounts of electricity. This activity also discusses the units used for electricity. http://whyfiles.larc.nasa.gov/text/kids/Problem_Board/problems/electricity/cost2.html

36. Non-Renewable Source of Energy: Coal • Coal is used to make electricity • Coal is a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to create. • The energy in coal comes from the energy stored (Potential Energy) by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago, when the earth was partly covered with swampy forests.

38. Sources of EnergyActivity Chocolate Chip cookie mining http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/CookieMining_PriElem.pdf

39. Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy • Light is a form of energy • Energy can be described by the wavelength and frequency • Wavelength is measured in meters (m) • Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz) Relationship: • Long wavelength- low frequency • Short wavelength- high frequency

40. Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy Applet