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The Scientific Method. TURN In Syllabus and safety Contract Turn in HW!. Warm-up for 8/17/18. With your table partner, come up with one LAB SAFETY Rule. Get Ready to SHARE OUT!!!. The Scientific Method. Using the physical, observable world to explain the physical components of nature
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The Scientific Method TURN In Syllabus and safety Contract Turn in HW!
Warm-up for 8/17/18 • With your table partner, come up with one LAB SAFETY Rule. • Get Ready to SHARE OUT!!!
The Scientific Method • Using the physical, observable world to explain the physical components of nature • Biology is done in one of two ways: • Discovery Science: describing nature • Observations of facts • Measurements of phenomena (observable fact) • Hypothesis-Based Science: explaining nature • Comparative questions • Hypotheses • Experiments
Types of Biology • Write an example of discovery science. • Write an example of hypothesis-based science.
Hypothesis-Based Method • Observe • Question • Hypothesize • Test/Experiment • Conclusion
Additional Resources • Scientific Method Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi0hwFDQTSQ
1) Observation • Begin by observing a problem in nature • A problem can be anything you don’t know how to explain • Observations can be of everyday life, nature, space, etc. • The physical world/universe
2) Question • The question/problem must be: • Specific • Comparative • Testable • Correct Example: • Will water leak out of a bottle with a hole in the side when compared to a bottle with no hole? • Incorrect Example: • Is the Mona Lisa more beautiful than The Blue Boy?
Write a Comparative Question • We will be testing how quickly antacids dissolve in different water samples. Write a comparative question for the above experiment that you can test.
3) Hypotheses • A list of all possible outcomes in an experiment • One of these outcomes includes your own prediction of what will happen. • Example: • Antacids will dissolve more quickly in gasoline than oil. • Antacids will dissolve more quickly in oil than gasoline. • Antacids will dissolve at the same speed in both gasoline and oil.
Hypotheses Practice • Write all the hypotheses for your antacid experiment • Identify which hypothesis is your prediction
4) Test/Experiment • Must address your question • Must be repeatable • 2 groups (one for each part of your comparison): • Independent variable – the 1 difference between the 2 groups • The scientist intentionally adds or removes something from one group; this is recorded as data • Dependent variable – changes that occur during the experiment • As a result of the independent variable • This is recorded as data • Controlled Experiment – everything else in the experiment must remain the same between both groups
Tests • What is the independent variable in your antacid experiment? • What is the dependent variable you expect to record in your antacid experiment?
Experimental Error • The study of life can be difficult, mistakes will happen: • Avoidable error • An error that can be controlled for in future experiments • Unavoidable error • An error that cannot be corrected for
There are many sources of error (next to each type put whether they are avoidable or unavoidable) • Not following instructions = _______ • Disease = _______ • Measuring mistakes = _______ • unpredictable animal behavior = _______ • Death = _______ • human error = _______
5) Conclusion • An analysis of the data collected during the experiment • Explanation of what happened • Explain the results and compare them to your hypotheses • Build on ideas that succeed; reject ideas that fail • Scientists will often publish their success to share with the world, and to make sure they get credit for their discovery • A theory is a strong scientific statement supported by hundreds of experiments
Mythbusters • Did they do the science the correct way? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tmut9NOtvnY • Identify: Observation, question, hypotheses, experiment, independent variable, dependent variable, & conclusions • What could they have done better?