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Micropower Active Tags for Supply Chain Management

Matt Malinowski Responsive Environments Micropower Active Tags for Supply Chain Management New Directives in Shipping/Logistics Container Security Initiative/Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (Jan/Apr 2002) Moves customs inspections further upstream

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Micropower Active Tags for Supply Chain Management

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  1. Matt Malinowski Responsive Environments Micropower Active Tags forSupply Chain Management

  2. New Directives in Shipping/Logistics • Container Security Initiative/Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (Jan/Apr 2002) • Moves customs inspections further upstream • Documentation of packing and loading • Advanced Manifest Rule (Feb 2003) • Cargo data must be submitted to U.S. Customs 24 hours in advance—focuses inspections • Eventually to be submitted electronically

  3. Additional Concerns • Inventory Management • Better estimate of lead times • Prevent shortages/overstock • Supply Chain “Transparency” and “Visibility”

  4. Private-Sector Responses • Smart and Secure Tradelanes (Jul 2003) • Collaboration between three largest port operators to automate port security • Electronic tracking and identification of cargo entering U.S. ports • Implemented as Electronic Seals on Shipping Containters • Active RFID tags on container doors • Associated passive and active technologies • Security Integrated into Supply Chain

  5. Synnergy • Passive RFID • Applied to items/crates in factory for identification and tracking • Associated with container active tag upon loading: “virtual container” • Active Infrastructure • Gateways/beacons send location information via short-range, low-frequency RF • Active tags record and communicate this information back to readers • Linked to GPS/OmniTrac for real-time monitoring

  6. Platform 1: Savi SensorTag ST-676 • Sensors: door open, light, temperature, vibration, humidity • RF links: • 433.92 Mhz, ~ 100m • 123 kHz, ~ 4m • Storage: 32 kB • Power: • 3.6 V replaceable Li • 4 years at 2 samples/day

  7. Platform 2: Sensitech TempTaleRF • Sensors: temperature • RF links: • 915 Mhz, ~ 100m • Storage: 2 kB • Power: • Battery lasts 1 year

  8. Sensors: MSI Vibratab ($1.25) Kyocera PSAC ($1) Sensirion SHT-11 ($17) Reed switch? Phototransistor? RF wakeup? My Proposed Design • TI MSP430 µController (0.2μA, $3) • Philips PCF8563T Real-time Clock (0.25μA, $0.82) • Chipcon CC2500 Transceiver (0.4μA, $2.45) • LTC1540 Comparator (0.3μA, $1.65)

  9. Advantages • Smaller and cheaper platform allows item- and crate-level tagging • Lower power consumption extends battery life • Better granularity of measurements • Less bias compared with door-mounted sensor

  10. Not Just Tags: A Sensor Network • Multihop communication between tags • No need to scan each object/crate individually—objects scan each other • Constant monitoring of cargo, not just at read points • Verification of suspicious sensor readings across network • Clock synchronization • Other?

  11. Timeline • Now • Background research • Part selection • Design • Spring 2006 • Design/construction • Summer 2006 • Testing/redesign • Fall 2006 • Further tests/writing

  12. References • Lee, H.L. and Whang S., “Higher Supply Chain Security with Lower Cost: Lessons from Total Quality Management”, Int J Prod Econ. 96 (2005). • “Savi SensorTag ST-676 Datasheet”, (Unpublished), Jan 2006 • “Integrated RF-enabled Temperature Monitoring Infrastructure”, http://www.sensitech.com/applications/coldstream_pts/ColdStream_Infra_DataSheet.pdf, Mar 2006. • “Savi Transportation Security System”, (Unpublished), 2004.

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