PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

2.  Principles of Management are guidelines for the decisions and actions of managers.  These principles, primarily formulated by Henri Fayol, form the foundation of modern management practices.  They are derived from the experiences of experts and aim to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of management.

3.  Father Of Modern Management Theory  He developed a general theory of business administration that Fayolism. is often called  Fayol proposed 14 principles that he believed were essential management for effective  He introduced a general theory that can be applied to all levels of management and on every department

4. Here are Fayol's 14 principles: 1. Division of Work 2. Authority and Responsibility 3. Discipline 4. Unity of Command 5. Unity of Direction 6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest 7. Remuneration 8. Centralization 9. Scalar Chain 10. Order 11. Equity 12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel 13. Initiative 14. Esprit de Corps

5. 1.Division of Work  By dividing work into smaller, specific tasks, employees can develop expertise and become more proficient in their assigned roles.  By implementing the Division of Work principle, organizations can operations, enhance performance, and achieve higher levels of output. streamline employee  This principle is evident in many modern organizational manufacturing to service industries. structures, from

6. 2.Authority and Responsibility:  Authority is the power delegated by senior executives to assign duties to all employees for better functioning.  Responsibility is the commitment to fulfill a task given by an executive.  This principle states that authority and responsibility should be balanced to achieve organizational goals.

7. 3.Discipline: This principle states that discipline is required for any organization to run effectively.  It emphasizes the importance of maintaining order, respect, and adherence to rules and regulations within an organization.  There should be a set of organizational rules, philosophies, and structures in place that should be met by everyone.  Discipline is essential for building a culture of accountability, productivity, respect within the workplace. and mutual

8. 4.Unity of Command:  This Principle asserts that each employee should receive orders from only one superior.  This principle is confusion, conflict, and inefficiency within an organization  By adhering to the Unity of Command principle, organizations can ensure that employees have clear instructions, know their responsibilities, and understand to whom they are accountable.  This principle helps in creating a structured and efficient work environment, leading to improved organizational effectiveness and employee satisfaction. designed to prevent

9. 5.Unity of Direction  This principle staes that states that groups within a company with the same objectives should have one leader and one plan.  By implementing the Unity of Direction principle, organizations everyone and every department is working towards a common goal can ensure that  This principle helps in creating a cohesive and focused work environment, enhanced organizational performance and success. leading to

10. 6.Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest  This Principle that states that the interset of one person should not take prority over the interest of te organisation as a whole.  This principle is important because it ensures that everyone in the organization is working towards the same goals, helps create a sense of unity, and promotes a shared sense of purpose. Example:  Suppose an employee wants to take a day off to attend a family event, but their manager requires them to work that day because of a deadline. In such a scenario, the employee's interest would have to be subordinated to the organization's interests. .

11. 7. Remuneration  This Principle states that employees should be paid fair compensation for their work.  This compensation should be both fair and satisfactory to both the employees and the organization, and financial and non-financial incentives. should include both  organizations must have a remuneration policy to ensure employees receive fair compensation for the work they perform.

12. 8. Centralization  Centralization is a management principle that involves concentrating power and decision- making authority at the top level of an organization  It follows a top-bottom approach to management  In a centralized organization, executives make decisions and plans, and then instruct lower levels of management on how to implement them.  Lower level managers have a limited role in decision-making and are primarily responsible for executing orders from the top.

13. 9.Scalar Chain  Scalar chain is the formal line of authority which moves from highest to lowest rank in a straight line.  This chain specifies the route through which the information communicated to location/person. is to desired be the  In this Picture ,A is the top authority and if A wants to communicate to G,this way the communicate will take place.

14. 10. Order  The workplace should be orderly and materials should be in the right place at the right time.  This Principle is concerned with systematic arrangement of men,machine,material etc.  There should be specific place for every employee in an organisation.

15. 11. Equity  All Employees should be treated equally and impartially  There against sex,religion,language,caste etc. should anyone be no on discrimination account of

16. 12.Stability of Tenure of Personnel  According to Fayol,Time is required for an employee to get used to a new work and succeed in doing it well but if he is removed before that,he will not be able to render worthwhile services.  As aresult,the time,effort and money spent on training the worker will go waste.  Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.  Stability of job creates team spirit and a sense of belongingness among ultimately increase the quality as well as quantity of work. workers which

17. 13.Initiative  Employees should be encouraged to take initiative within the organization.  Employee need to be motivated to put forward their ideas or suggestions and execute them.  Managers should take steps to encourage employee initiative.

18. 14.Esprit de Corps  Esprit de Corps means “Team Spirit” i.e. harmony in the work group and mutual understanding among the workers.  Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.  A group of workers working collectively in harmony and with mutual cooperation leads to the achievement efficiently. of goals

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