1 / 58

The Civil War

“The War of Northern Aggression” (to the South). The Civil War. Was the Civil War fought over:. A: Slavery B: State’s Rights. Antislavery Movement: Key Leaders. Antislavery Movement: Divisions. Participation of Women Allowed Sarah & Angelina Grimke’ Sojourner Truth Race

Thomas
Download Presentation

The Civil War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. “The War of Northern Aggression” (to the South) The Civil War

  2. Was the Civil War fought over: • A: Slavery • B: State’s Rights

  3. Antislavery Movement: Key Leaders

  4. Antislavery Movement: Divisions • Participation of Women Allowed • Sarah & Angelina Grimke’ • Sojourner Truth • Race • African Americans need was urgent • Believed whites saw them as inferior • Tacticsb

  5. Antislavery Movement: Resistance

  6. The Underground Railroad 40,000 – 100,000 slaves escaped using the Underground Railroad Wanted: Harriett Tubman AKA: Black Moses $40,000 Reward

  7. Calhoon’s Address to the Senate I have, Senators, believed from the first that… the subject of slavery would, if not prevented by some timely & effective measure, end in disunion [of the United States]… It has reached a point when it can no longer be disguised or denied that the Union is in danger. You have thus had forced upon you the greatest & the gravest question that can ever come under your consideration: How can the Union be preserved? ~John C. Calhoon March 4, 1850

  8. Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Review: • Set 36’30 line • Provided balance in the Senate

  9. War With Mexico • Motives • Manifest destiny • Obtain California from Mexico • Racism: Mexicans considered “semi-Indian” Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) US gained California & New Mexico Territory US settled claims with citizens against Mexico ($3.2 million) US paid Mexico $15 million

  10. Mexico Territory • South: government had no right denying citizens of their “property” or preventing them from taking their “property” to territories • North: areas should be closed to slavery while they are still territories; stop the spread of “Slave Power”

  11. Wilmot Proviso & Popular Sovereignty • David Wilmot (Penn-D) • Amendment • “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory gained from Mexico • Popular Sovereignty • People in the territories decide on the issue of slavery

  12. Compromise of 1850 • California asks to join as a free state • Admission would shift the balance of power in senate • Solution: • Come up with another compromise Daniel Webster (Mass) – favored Compromise Henry Clay (Kent) – wrote compromise John C. Calhoon (S.C.) – opposed Compromise

  13. Use your smart phone • Find the 5 provisions of the Compromise of 1850. • You have 5 minutes!

  14. Compromise: 5 separate laws • California admitted as a free state • People in New Mexico & Utah territories would decide the issue of slavery • Sale of slavery in DC abolished (but not slavery) • Texas would give up claims to New Mexico for $10 million • Fugitive Slave Act :

  15. 2 troubling issues with the Fugitive Slave Act… • Ambiguity of popular sovereignty • S: insisted on not prohibiting slavery during territorial stage • N: settlers could bar slavery when they wished • Fugitive Slave Act

  16. Fugitive Slave Act • ALL citizens of US would assist in the return of escaped slaves. • Trial by jury denied to escaped slaves.

  17. A Tale of 2 Books

  18. Effects of the books… • Northerners: • US could not be a country of Simon Legrees • Slavery would ruin the US • South: • Represented the true spirit of the American Revolution since Revolutionary leaders had slaves • Slave households had order, grace & a sense of liberty • Northerners were arrogant & self righteous • In a nutshell: made the 2 sides hate each other more

  19. Stephen Douglas • Senator: Illinois • Drafted the Kansas Nebraska Act • 2 motivations: • Wanted Chicago to benefit from western development • Wanted to run for president

  20. Kansas Nebraska Act • Supported the practice of popular sovereignty • Asking the nation to repeal the Missouri Compromise 1820 • 9 months debate; finally passed

  21. Republican Party • Members: Northerners who were disgusted with the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Dedicated to stopping “Slave Power”, the repeal of the Kansas Nebraska Act & the Fugitive Slave Act

  22. Political Parties • Whigs fell apart after 1850 • Know Nothings (1854) • Grew out of the issue of Nativism • AKA: The American Party Every American & naturalized Protestant citizen throughout the Union, [should] use his utmost exertions to aid the cause by organizing & freeing the country from that monster [Catholicism] which… is only waiting… to approach to plant its flag of tyranny, persecution, and oppression among us. The American Party

  23. Kansas • Immigrant Aid Society: 1200 free soilers to Kansas • Proslavery settlers in Missouri went to Kansas to vote illegally • 1855: 2 constitutions & capitals • Topeka: Antislavery • Lecompton: Proslavery • 1856: proslavery southerners looted offices & homes in Lawrence

  24. Bleeding Kansas • John Brown led a group to a proslavery settlement near Pottawatomie Creek • Killed 5 men • Looting in Lawrence + Pottawatomie Creek = summer of murderous raids known as “Bleeding Kansas”

  25. Bleeding Sumner • Senator Charles Sumner’s speech “Crime Against Kansas” earned him a beating at the hands of Preston Brooks.

  26. Kansas 1857 • Proslavery group writes a constitution: Lecompton Constitution • Most in Kansas were anti-slavery • Buchanan supported Lecompton Constitution • Constitution defeated: Aug. 1858 • Kansas remained a territory where slavery was legal

  27. Election of 1856

  28. Dred Scott v. Sandford • 7:2 decision against Scott • Effects of decision: • Slaves did not have rights to sue in court • Enslaved people could not win freedom by living in a free territory or state • Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional & all territories were open to slavery

  29. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Illinois) • Illinois deeply divided over slavery • 7 debates on the issue of slavery in the territories • Who would YOU vote for? Why? WINNER “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave & half free. I do no expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not except the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” -Abraham Lincoln June 1858

  30. John Brown’s Raid • Attacked a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia • 21 men (5 African Americans) • Plan: give weapons to enslaved people so they could rebel • Surrendered to Col. Robert E. Lee • Brown: guilty of treason & to be hung

  31. Nation Divided Against ItselfElection of 1860 On the ballot in the South On the ballot in the North Lincoln won with out 1 southern electoral vote; 39% of popular vote; 180 majority electoral college votes

  32. Lower South SecedesTexas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia & South Carolina • Southerners outraged • Planters & proslavery called for the South to secede • Secessionists argued: states joined voluntarily & could choose to leave • Lower South Secedes & forms the Confederate Sates of America & elected Jefferson Davis President

  33. Scramble for a Compromise • Sen. John Crittenden (Kent): plan would recognize slavery south of 36 30; Lincoln: NO • Horace Greeley: let the seceding states go peacefully • Northern businessmen: force the states to return

  34. Lincoln’s Position • Succession wrong • Committed to preventing the expansion of slavery • Duty to enforce the laws of the US We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield & patriot grave to every living heart… will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. Abraham Lincoln 1st Inaugural Address & plea to the South

  35. Ft. Sumter (SC) • Federal troops occupied • Lincoln needed to resupply • Symbol of the Union he swore to preserve • Fighting = responsible for starting a war • Abandoning = acknowledging the authority of the Confederate government • Confederate Pres ordered Gen PGT Beauregard to demand Sumter’s surrender • Anderson: NO • April 12, 1861: Beauregard opened fire; Anderson surrendered

  36. Upper South SecedesVirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee & Arkansas • Lincoln had no choice but to respond • Asked for volunteers • South = act of war • 4 border states = uncommitted Can the Union be restored by force?

  37. Northern & Southern Ecomonies • Where were most of the textiles & other manufacturing centers located? North or South • Where was most of the food grown or produced? North or South

  38. US Population Density 3. Where was most of the population located in 1860? North or South

  39. Railroad/Transportation 4. Where were most of the railroads located? North or South

  40. Telegraph Lines & Pony Express Route/Communication 5. Where were most of the lines of communication located? North or South

  41. Advantages

  42. Strategies

  43. Technology • New bullet shaped ammo • Rifling • Shells • Canister

  44. South: War Effort • persuade people to sacrifice personal interests for the common good • Build loyalty to the new government • Fewer resources • Lee called for a draft • 3 yr service • White men 18 – 35; later 45 then 50 • Farmers had to contribute 1/10 of produce • Taxed income to pay for war

  45. South: War Effort • Male slaves seized for military labor • States worked against draft officials • Asked Europe for help • No recognition • Britain: ports used for privateers • France: would not support Confederacy w/o Britain

  46. North: War Effort • Had to convince citizens that saving the Union was worth the loss • Britain: threatened invasion after 2 Confed representatives taken off a British ship • Lincoln - $19 billion from Britain for compensation

  47. Republicans Pass Bills • Pacific Railroad Act • Homestead Act • Tariffs • $$ to War • Federal income tax: 3 – 5% • Internal Revenue Act: tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & newspaper ads

  48. Opposition to War • Northern draft • $300 buy your way out • Copperheads: Democrats against the war • Lincoln: • Army shut down opposition newspapers • Disloyal legislative members arrested • Kent: martial law • Suspended writ of habeas corpus

  49. Emancipation & the War • Lincoln opposed slavery; lacked power to abolish • Ending slavery = strategy to end war • 1/1/63: Emancipation Proclamation • Slaves in areas of rebellion are free • Announcement = Democrats made gains in election of 1862

  50. African Americans Join the War • Union Gen. Benjamin Butler: seize enemy’s property – contraband • July 1862: Lincoln allows African Americans to join the military • ‘65: 180,000 ; +1/2 were former slaves • July 1863: Massachusetts 54th Infantry under command of Robert Gould Shaw led attack on Ft. Wagner

More Related