Quick Quiz

1. Quick Quiz • Describe the 3 types of goals • Give 4 ways in which goal setting can affect performance • Describe the SMART principle of goal setting

2. Psychological factors affecting performance Sports Psychology Attribution

3. Learning Objectives Learning Objective: Understand how attributions can affect and motivation, effort and performance Learning Outcomes: All: Describe Weiner’s model of attribution Most: Explain how attributions can affect motivation, effort and performance Some:Explain how attributes can be changed to enhance motivation, effort and performance

4. Key Terms • Attribution • Stability dimension • Stable • Unstable • Locus of control dimension • Internal • External • Controllability • Luck • Task difficulty • Ability • Effort • Learned helplessness • Mastery orientation • Self-serving bias

5. Key Terms • Attribution – a reason we give for our performance • Stability dimension – whether the attribution is changeable • Stable - unchangeable • Unstable - changeable • Locus of control dimension – whether the attribution is internal or external • Internal - comes from within • External – comes from the environment • Controllabilitydimension– how much control we have over an event • Luck – external, unstable, uncontrollable • Task difficulty – external, stable, uncontrollable • Ability – internal, stable, uncontrollable • Effort - internal, unstable, controllable • Learned helplessness – belief that failure is inevitable • Mastery orientation – attribution of failure to internal, controllable and unstable factors such as effort, so that continue to strive to become better • Self-serving bias – a person’s tendency to attribute their failure to external reasons to explain poor performance.

6. Weiner’s Model of Attribution

7. Learned helplessness • The belief that failure is inevitable and a feeling of hopelessness with a particular situation (specific learned helplessness) or groups of situations (global learned helplessness) • Low achievers often attribute their failure to uncontrollable factors, which can lead to learned helplessness. • High achievers are athletes who are oriented towards mastery and see failure as a learning experience and who will attribute failure t controllable unstable factors. • The need to achieve performers are not afraid of failing and will persist with a task until the succeed.

8. Mastery Orientation • attribution of failure to internal, controllable and unstable factors such as effort, so that continue to strive to become better. • This helps to maintain motivation

9. Self-serving bias • a person’s tendency to attribute their failure to external reasons to explain poor performance. • This will help to maintain self-confidence as it is not their fault that they lost.

10. Attribution retraining • Attribution retraining can optimise sports performance – seeking often to turn learned helplessness into mastery orientation.

11. Exam Questions • June 2010 – 4a (6)…