Romantic Era 1825-1900

1. Romantic Era1825-1900

2. Romantic Era • Music is now unrestrained and sensuous • Music is influenced by politics, wars, and new inventions • New sense of nationalism • Instrumental colors and harmonic techniques become very important • More combinations of instruments being used

3. Happening in America during the Romantic Era • John Tuft’s “Introduction to the Singing of Psalm-Tunes” is the only American Text book until the time of Lowell Mason • Lowell Mason’s innovative methods for teaching singing are referred to as “singing schools” • Singing Schools establish the foundation for music education in the

4. Happening in America During the Romantic Era • 1834, Lowell Mason created centers that he referred to as an Academy of music • The subject of music was the first of the expressive or creative arts subjects to be added to the curriculum in the Boston public schools in the year 1838 • St. Louis was the first city west of the Mississippi River to add music to its public curriculum

5. Happening in America During the Romantic Era • Andrew Law developed a system of musical notation that used shape notes for each tone of the scale • Anton Dvorak came to America in the late 1800s. During this time, he composed for the school and community of Spillville, Iowa

6. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1825-The Romantic Era begins • 1825- The Erie Canal opens • 1826- James Fenimore Cooper writes “Last of the Mohicans” • 1827- Ludwig van Beethoven dies on March 27 • 1827- The Mormon church is founded by Joseph Smith

7. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1827- Lowell Mason moves to Boston to teach in singing-schools • 1828- Franz Schubert dies on November 19th at the age of 31 • 1829- Gioachino Rossini writes the opera “William Tell” • 1833- Johannes Brahms is born in Hamburg

8. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1837- Queen Victoria is crowned in England • 1838- Music is added to the curriculum of the Boston Public Schools • 1839- The New York Philharmonic Society is founded • 1840- First incandescent electric bulb is invented

9. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1844- First telegraph message is transmitted • 1845- Gabriel Faure is born in Pamiers, France • 1846- Felix Mendelssohn writes “Elijah” • 1847- Felix Mendelssohn dies in Leipzig • 1849- Anton Bruckner writes “Requiem in D-minor”

10. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1851- Herman Melville writes the book “Moby Dick” • 1853- Giuseppe Verdi writes the operas “Il Trovatore” and “ La Traviata” • 1858- Covent Garden (Royal Opera House) opens in London, England • 1861- The Civil War begins in the U.S.

11. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1863- Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address • 1864- Lewis Carroll writes “Alice in Wonderland” • 1865- The Civil War ends in the United States • 1867- Alaska is purchased from Russia

12. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1868- Johannes Brahms writes German Requiem • 1868- Gioachino Rossini dies • 1869- The first transcontinental railroad is opened • 1871- Giuseppe Verdi writes the opera “Aida” • 1875- Bizet writes the opera “Carmen”

13. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1876- The telephone is invented by Alexander Graham Bell • 1881- Czar Alexander II is assassinated’ • 1883- Richard Wagner dies on Feb. 13th • 1883- The Metropolitan Opera opens in New York • 1884- The Bohemian composer, Bedrich Smetna, dies

14. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1886- The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in New York Harbor • 1889- The Eiffel Tower is completed in Paris, France • 1890- The Belgian composer, Cesar Franck, dies in Paris, France • 1891- Sir Authur Conan Doyle writes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

15. Chronology of the Romantic Era • 1896- Anton Bruckner dies in Vienna, Austria • 1897- John Phillip Sousa writes “The Stars and Stripes Forever” • 1900- The Romantic Era ends

16. Ludwig van Beethoven

17. Ludwig van Beethoven • Born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany • When he was 8, father featured him in a piano concert, falsely advertising that he was only 6 • In 1783 his first work was published • Austrian Aristocrat, Count Waldstein, gave Beethoven a letter of introduction to the elite families of Vienna

18. Ludwig van Beethoven • In 1800, Prince Lichnowsky gave him an annual stipend of 600 Gulden to stay in Vienna and compose (equivalent to $344.83 US dollars) • One of his greatest works was Symphony No. 9, in which the last movement was written for choir, soloists, and orchestra • Beethoven’s most famous opera was “Fidelio”

19. Ludwig van Beethoven • “Missa Solemnis in D” and “Christ on the Mount of Olives” were Beethoven’s two famous choral compositions • First composer to use the metronome • Beethoven died in 1827

20. Ludwig van Beethoven • Some popular works of Beethoven • “Ode to Joy” • “Sonata No. 29” • “5th Symphony” • “Fidelio” • “Christ on the Mount of Olives”

21. Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

22. Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy • 1809-1847 • Born in Hamburg, Germany • Born to a wealthy banking family • Considered a child prodigy • Age 16 composes two outstanding motets “Exsultate” and “Jubilate” • Considered most famous composer of the oratorio during the Romantic Era

23. Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy • Most well known oratorios were “Elijah” and “St. Paul” • At age 20, he found the long lost “St. Matthew Passion” by Bach and reintroduced it to the world through numerous performances

24. Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy • Some of his most popular works • “St. Paul” • “Elijah” • “Exsultate” • “Jubilant”

25. Franz Schubert

26. Franz Schubert • 1797-1828 • Born in Liechtenthal, Vienna • Followed in father’s profession as a school teacher for a few years, then later stopped and followed his own dream of becoming a composer • In 1815, he wrote two symphonies, two masses, four stage works, 140 songs,

27. Franz Schubert One string quartet, two piano sonatas, chorales, and extensive church music • Most famous for his songs • Died at the age of 31 • Is buried only a few steps from Beethoven in Vienna, Austria

28. Franz Schubert • Some of his most popular works • -“Miriam’s Song of Triumph” • “German Mass” • “Lazarus” • “Salve Reginas”

29. Anton Bruckner

30. Anton Bruckner • Born in 1824 in Ansfelden, Austria • Father and grandfather were music teachers • In 1840, moved to Linz, Austria and became a teacher and cathedral organist • Died in 1896 in Vienna, Austria

31. Anton Bruckner • Some of his most popular works • “Requiem in D-minor” • “Missa Solemnis in B-flat” • “Mass in E-minor”

32. Antonio Dvorak

33. Antonio Dvorak • Born in 1841 in Bohemia • Father was a butcher and inn keeper • Parents recognized his musical talent and sent him for lessons at an early age • Played viola in the Provisional Theatre orchestra • Married Anna Cermakova and had 9 kids

34. Anton Dvorak • Came to America in 1824 to be the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. He was director until 1895 • Composed for the school and community of Spillville, Iowa • Died in 1904 • Is buried in Yysehradcemetary in Prague

35. Anton Dvorak • Some of his most popular works • “New World Symphony” • “Songs my Mother Taught Me” • “Cello Concerto in B-minor” • “Rusalka (opera)”

36. Bedrich Smetana

37. Bedrich Smetana • Born in 1824 in Litomysl, Bohemia • Played in an amateur string quartet • Greatly influenced by Dvorak • Smetana bought music of the Czech people to an international level • Became first director of the National Theatre in Prague

38. Bedrich Smetana • Like Beethoven and Schumann he lost his hearing • Died of mental problems at the Prague Lunatic Asylum in 1884 • Best known work is his comic opera “The Bartered Bride”

39. Cesar Franck

40. Cesar Franck • Born in 1822 in Liege, Belgium • Basically unknown during his life time • At age 11 he finished schooling at the Liege Conservatory of Music and began touring as a concert pianist • 1834, moves to Paris and becomes a naturalized French citizen

41. Cesar Franck • 1855, becomes cathedral organist in Linz • Died in Paris in 1890 • Two of his best known compositions are “Ave Maria” and “Les Beatitudes”

42. Gabriel Faure

43. Gabriel Faure • Born in 1845 in Pamiers, France • 6th child of a schoolmaster • Ate age 8, he was a well known performer of the Harmonium (a portable organ) • From 1855-1865 he studied at the EcoleNiedermeyer in Paris • Died in Paris in 1924

44. Gabriel Faure • Some of his most popular works • “Cantique de Jean Racine” • “Tantum ergo”

45. Charles Gounod

46. Charles Gounod • Born in 1818 in Paris, France • His mother, was his first piano teacher • Gounod moved to Italy to study the music of Palestrina • 1870-1885, he lived in England and became the first conductor of the Royal Choral Society

47. Charles Gounod • Wrote many religious compositions • Considered the most gifted among the French contemporaries • Died in 1893 • Most important work was his opera “Faust”

48. Johannes Brahms

49. Johannes Brahms • Born in 1833, in Hamburg, Germany • Composed many choral arrangements of folk songs • Wrote over 200 songs in the traditional German Lied (song) style • Considered a great choral composer of the 1800s • Died in 1897

50. Johannes Brahms • Greatest choral composition is “German Requiem” • Other important works include • “Ave Maria” • “Nanie” • “Song of Destiny” • “Liebeslieder Waltzes” also known as “Brahms Lullaby”