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2. Wireless Is Changing Travel. Boeing Installing wireless networks on airplanes for passenger use during flights70 US Airports Provide wireless Internet access in lounge
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1. 1 Wireless In Education Mark Ciampa
Western Kentucky University
2. 2 Wireless Is Changing Travel Boeing – Installing wireless networks on airplanes for passenger use during flights
70+ US Airports – Provide wireless Internet access in lounge & waiting areas
Marriott, Four Seasons, Wyndham Hotels, Motel 6 – Provide lobby, check in, meeting room, public area access
Trains – Montreal to Toronto route
3. 3 Wireless Is Changing Work Business conference rooms - Access to data during meetings gives 100+ minutes daily
Radio Frequency ID – Transponders used as barcode alternatives
Video Pill – Wireless camera in capsule for endoscopy used at 268 US hospitals
e-Suds – Students check for empty washer, add softener, receive e-mail when finished
4. 4 Wireless Is Changing Recreation Starbucks, Borders, McDonald’s, Schlotzky’s – Wireless networks for customers
3Com Stadium – Access statistics, view instant replays, order concessions
Golf US Open – Walking scorers submitted immediate results
KOA – Provides wireless access
Linksys – Stream pictures & MP3 to TV/stereo Roam with cameraRoam with camera
5. 5 Public Hotspots
6. 6 2007 155M units sold annually (2002-22.5M, 2003-41.3M) with revenue $700M
98% all notebooks wireless (2003-42%)
31M frequent and 35M infrequent hotspot users with revenue $9B
25,000 hotels wireless access
7. 7 Wireless Is Changing All Sectors Finance – Receive stock quotes realtime
Health Care – Hospitals comply 2006 FDA regulation drug dispersal
Manufacturing – Forklifts send & receive data (saved 1 plant $1M annually)
Retail – Radio Frequency ID
Transportation – Communicate drivers
8. 8 Wireless Is Changing All Sectors Logistics – FedEx handles 3.5M packages daily, wireless handhelds save 10 seconds each stop
Government – Police send and receive data to patrol cars
Military – Send repair information
Construction – Supervisors see number workers on project, instant costing
9. 9 Wireless Is Changing Campuses Massachusetts Task Force – Wireless technology on all campuses
Wake Forest – Wireless adapter included in tuition
Michigan – Wireless on all high school campuses
University of Tennessee – Wireless campus (1,500 access points)
10. 10 Wireless Is Changing Education Changing when and where students access data
Changing how students learn
Changing how teach students in wireless setting
Changing what teach students
11. 11 Wireless In Education Define “wireless”
Explain how it works
Types of wireless networks
How impacts education
12. 12 Outcome Statements List 2 wireless technologies
Explain what an access point does
List 3 basic wireless security tools
Tell how wireless impacts higher education
13. 13 What Wireless Is and How It Works
14. 14 “Wireless” Generically used of any device without wires
More precisely 2-way data transmission without wires
15. Wireless Devices
16. 16 Wireless Technologies Infrared (IR)
Radio frequency (RF)
17. 17 Infrared (IR) Uses infrared light (similar characteristics visible light)
Objects can obstruct transmission
Limited distance
Line of sight transmission
18. 18 Line of Sight
19. 19 Radio Frequency (RF) Uses radio waves (similar to commercial radio)
Unlicensed spectrum
Radio waves travel long distances with less obstruction
Provides true mobility
20. 20 Radio Waves
21. 21 Types of Wireless Networks
22. 22 Scope
23. 23 Wireless Personal Area Networks
24. 24 Wireless Personal Area Networks 1-to-1 or small group transmissions
Limited distance
25. 25 IrDA Wireless data connection using infrared light
Found on notebook computers, printers, digital cameras, PDAs
Functions like serial port
Range 3 feet
Bandwidth 115 Kbps - 16 Mbps PC to PC IrDA with large filePC to PC IrDA with large file
26. 26 IrDA Limitations Limited range
Must align devices
Objects can obstruct transmission
Moderate speed
Only between 2 devices
27. 27 Bluetooth Uses RF instead of IR
Radio transceivers built into microprocessor
Automatically creates piconet when devices come in range each other
Range 30 feet
Bandwidth 1 Mbps
28. 28 Radio Frequency ID (RFID) Unpowered microchips transmit data using RF
Active, semi-passive, or passive
Read-only or read-write
Wal-Mart, McCarran Airport, US Dept Defense, Michelin
29. 29 RFID Size
30. 30 Wireless Wide Area Networks
31. 31 Wide Area Network Fixed baseband wireless – last mile connection alternative to DSL, cable modem or ISDN
Fixed broadband wireless – long distance connection alternative to T1 or fiber optic connection
32. 32 Wide Area Network Examples Digital Cellular Telephony
Free Space Optics
Local/Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service
WiMax (802.16)
33. 33 Wireless Local Area Networks
34. 34 Wireless LANs Same function of standard LAN but without wires
Based on IEEE standards
Also called “Wi-Fi”
Range 150-375 feet
Bandwidth 11-108 Mbps
35. 35 Components of WLAN Wireless NIC
Access Point (AP)
Integrated software support in Windows XP & Windows Mobile 2003
36. 36 WLAN Modes Peer-to-peer/Ad hoc
Infrastructure
37. 37 Peer-to-Peer Creates “private network”
No connection to other networks
Only requires wireless NIC
38. 38 Infrastructure Creates “public network”
Connects to other networks
Requires wireless NIC and AP
39. 39 Infrastructure Cert Display: Notebook then PDA
Browse AP via IE
ACU Link Status Meter
Change to ad hoc: View | Advanced | Advanced | Ad-Hoc then roamCert Display: Notebook then PDA
Browse AP via IE
ACU Link Status Meter
Change to ad hoc: View | Advanced | Advanced | Ad-Hoc then roam
40. 40 Wireless LAN Cells Create “cells” of coverage similar to cellular telephones
Cells overlap to provide automatic roaming
41. 41 Wireless LAN Cells
42. 42 IEEE WLAN Standards 802.11 (1997) – 2 Mbps
802.11b (1999) – 11 Mbps
802.11a (2001) – 54 Mbps
802.11g (2003) – 24 Mbps
43. 43 802.11b 11 Mbps
DSSS
3 non-overlapping channels
2.4 GHz
Range 375 feet
44. 44 802.11a 54 Mbps (108 Mbps proprietary)
OFDM
8 non-overlapping channels
5 GHz
Range 150 feet
45. 45 802.11g 22 Mbps (54 Mbps proprietary)
OFDM
3 non-overlapping channels
2.4 GHz
Range 200 feet Double-check rangeDouble-check range
46. 46 Comparison 802.11b – Wider area but slower speed
802.11a – Faster speed but smaller area
802.11g – Good balance of area and speed Double-check rangeDouble-check range
47. 47 Recent Developments Dual band AP and wireless NICs
Wireless access port – dumb AP connected to wireless switch
Wireless bridge – makes any device with standard NIC wireless (Xbox)
Device “hop” through other WLAN devices to reach AP
48. 48 Recent Developments Intel Centrino - Pentium-M mobile processor with 802.11b miniPCI wireless NIC
VoIP on WLAN
49. 49 Home Wireless Connect all home computer equipment without cables
Share broadband Internet connection
Combination AP, router, network address translation and firewall
Microsoft selling hardware
2003 Cisco purchased Linksys $500M
50. 50 WLAN Security
51. 51 Unique Challenges Unauthorized users intercept signal and use network
Hackers view transmitted data
Employees install rogue access points
52. 52 Security Levels Basic Security
Intermediate Security
Advanced Security
53. 53 Basic Security Active scanning SSID
MAC address filtering
WEP encryption & authentication
54. 54 Association Association – Establishes link between wireless devices and AP
Based on Service Set Identifier (SSID) – network name all devices use
SSID serves as “network password”
SSID can be sent by AP or manually installed on each wireless device
55. 55 Active Scanning SSID manually installed on each wireless device in advance
Device sends SSID to AP
“Here’s the SSID, let me in!”
56. 56 Passive Scanning AP freely sends SSID to all devices
Device listens for SSID
“Will you give me the SSID to join this wireless network?”
57. 57 Active Scanning SSID AP should be set for active scanning
Default on most systems is passive scanning
BUT: May limit roaming
58. 58 MAC Address Filter MAC address of each authorized device is manually entered into AP
Also called “Access Control List”
Only devices on AP list are permitted association
BUT: MAC address can be spoofed
59. 59 WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) – Data encrypted with up to 4 shared keys
Provides both encryption and authentication
BUT: Flaws in WEP and can be broken by “sniffing” packets
60. 60 Intermediate Security Deploy outside firewall
Use virtual private network (VPN) solution
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) – software & firmware upgrade
61. 61 WPA Encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
2 keys
Per-packet basis
62. 62 WPA Access Control Uses 802.1x
Port-based authentication
Traffic blocked until client authenticated by back-end server
Optional Pre-Sharked Key (PSK)
63. 63 Advanced Security 802.11i – New IEEE security standard
Uses advanced AES block cipher encryption
Due released early 2004
64. 64 Wireless Technology In Education
65. 65 Wireless Technology in Education Kindergarten – 12
Higher education
Libraries
Curriculum
66. 66 K-12 Uses Computers-on-wheels (COWs)
Extend network with minimal costs
Use with outdoor projects
Administrators in hallways determine where student should be
Bus drivers record who boarded
67. 67 K-12 Pedagogy Used to deliver curriculum in classroom
Better supports “constructing” knowledge from experience, interpretation, structured interactions with peers and teachers
Teachers direct students in project-oriented activities vs. lecturing (“Individualized active learning”)
Helps students apply critical thinking skills
68. 68 K-12 Pedagogy “K-12 learning proceeds most rapidly when learners have frequent opportunities to apply ideas they are learning and when feedback on success or failure of an idea comes almost immediately”
69. 69 Higher Education Uses Provide access outside computer lab: classroom, dining hall, quad, dorms
Create coverage where wiring prohibited because building design, asbestos, portable classrooms
Mobile VoIP telephones in classrooms
70. 70 Higher Education Uses Create wireless networked labs in regular classrooms
Make temporary networked classroom
Faculty can bring in own notebook computer and instantly be connected
Reduces number of open access computer labs
Planet3 & CompTIA WLAN certifications
71. 71 Higher Education Uses Make latest research data immediately available during experiments for comparison
Increase student computer use across disciplines
72. 72 Higher Education Pedagogy Used to extend class time
Allows studying to take place outside traditional learning areas
Students communicate and research topics outside class while devoting class time to discussion and analysis
73. 73 Wireless In Education “When each student got their own pencil, teaching changed. When each student got their own book, teaching changed. When each student has a wireless notebook, teaching will change again!”
74. 74 Library Uses Provide access in the stacks: perform catalog search without returning to catalog computer
Determine status of a book
Used with RFID for inventory
75. 75 Curriculum Ubiquity of wireless requires part of curriculum
Student interest based on 25% homes with computers have multiple computers and networks
Need instruction on wireless deployment and security
76. 76 Curriculum Several schools now adding “Wireless Networking” course or track
Some schools adding wireless coverage to traditional networking course
77. 77 Outcome Statements List 2 wireless technologies
Explain what an access point does
List 3 basic wireless security tools
Tell how wireless impacts higher education
78. 78 Wireless In Education Mark Ciampa
Western Kentucky University
mark.ciampa@wku.edu