Where Does It Come From, And What Is Its Function?

1. Where Does It Come From, And What Is Its Function? The heart is protected by a double-layered membrane called pericardium as a biomaterial with several therapeutic uses; Bovine Pericardial Tissue Patch Reconstruction is extracted, cleaned, and processed. Pericardium, which is mostly collagen, is a solid and elastic tissue. The bovine pericardium uses bio-prosthetic heart valves, dural closure, bone and dental membranes, surgical buttresses, and other applications. Depending on the producer's needs, Collagen Solutions may perform different types of tissue harvesting and selection. Hypothesis When utilized as patch material for angioplasty after carotid endarterectomy, bovine pericardium (BP) proves superior to Dacron in intraoperative hemostasis while causing no more perioperative morbidity. Objective Prospectively and systematically compare BP angioplasty with Dacron patch angioplasty after carotid endarterectomy. Methods

2. A prospective randomized study was conducted with 95 consecutive primary carotid endarterectomies on 92 participants. BP was used in 51 operations, whereas Dacron was used in 44. They were subjectively viewing bleeding at 3 and 4 minutes after carotid cross- clamp removal and objectively weighing the sponge used to tapenade bleeding at these times were used to assess intraoperative suture line bleeding. Mortality and complications during surgery, such as bleeding in the neck or brain, were documented. Pairwise t-tests, two analyses, Fisher exact tests, and multiple linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. Pericardium from Bovines: its properties and Advantages Suitable for a wide variety of uses; satisfies quality and regulation standards Device-ready raw materials are obtained by harvesting, sorting, and cross-linking processes. Cases and Procedures Primary carotid endarterectomies were performed on 92 patients at the Boston Medical Centre in Boston, Massachusetts. For this study, 51 patients (odd number) were randomly assigned to receive BP patches, whereas 44 patients (even number) were assigned to receive Dacron patches. The research did not include patients planning for CABG, CEA, or any other surgery for recurrent illness. Duplex sonography was used to assess the carotid lesion in all patients before surgery. The lesion was further defined using digital subtraction cerebral or magnetic resonance angiography. All patients' ages, sexes, risk factors, and surgical indications were documented. All patients found to have stenosis of hemodynamic significance before surgery received antiplatelet treatment. Carotid endarterectomy procedures were uniformly identical among patients. Intra-arterial pressure was monitored continuously throughout the endarterectomy, conducted under general endotracheal anesthesia. To achieve an activated clotting time (ACT) of 190 to 250 seconds, intravenous heparin was given before carotid cross clamping. A conventional endarterectomy was done after the intraluminal shunt was placed for preventative purposes. Tacking sutures were seldom employed to close the gap in the distal intima. The arteriotomy was completed using a polypropylene suture and a Dacron or BP patch angioplasty. Before the incision was closed, a drain was placed and taken out the following day. After surgery, all patients kept taking their antiplatelet drugs as prescribed. Mortality and complications during surgery, such as bleeding in the neck or brain, were documented. Conclusion

3. Compared to prosthetic patches, bovine pericardium patch provide some benefits, including increased biocompatibility, less suture line bleeding, and probably lower infection rates. Due to its many benefits, bovine pericardium is routinely used in carotid endarterectomy. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------