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BAROQUE ROCOCO Guercino ( Aurora ) Tiepolo (Kaisersaal) Gaulli (Il Gesù) Rubens Watteau Boucher Fragonard Bernini Clodion Vermeer Chardin. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY • The “Enlightenment” or Age of Reason, of rational thought and questioning of old beliefs
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BAROQUEROCOCO Guercino (Aurora) Tiepolo (Kaisersaal) Gaulli (Il Gesù) Rubens Watteau Boucher Fragonard Bernini Clodion Vermeer Chardin
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY • The “Enlightenment” or Age of Reason, of rational thought and questioning of old beliefs • The Industrial Revolution • Political Revolutions: American Revolution, 1776 French Revolution, 1789
ROCOCO • The word Rococo probably derives from the French word rocaille (pronounced “ro-kye”), a type of ornament employing rock, pebbles, and shells in garden decoration. • It was a “made-up” word, invented toward the end of the 18th century. Meant to sound rather silly, it was originally used as an insulting term for the art of the ancien régime—the recently overthrown French monarchy.
Kaisersaal (Imperial Hall) of the Residenz in Würzburg, with frescoes by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, 1751
Rococo Architecture in Innsbruck The Helblinghaus in the Old Town
Rococo Architecture in Innsbruck Wilten Basilica on the south side of town
Tiepolo, ceiling of the Kaisersaal: Apollo Bringing Beatrice of Burgundy to the Emperor Barbarossa
Tiepolo, ceiling of the Kaisersaal, 1751 ROCOCO Guercino, Aurora, ceiling of Casino Ludovisi, 1621-23 BAROQUE
Tiepolo, ceiling of the Kaisersaal, 1751 ROCOCO Gaulli, ceiling of Il Gesù, 1672-79 BAROQUE
Detail: Beatrice of Burgundy in the chariot of Apollo Kaisersaal ceiling
Detail Kaisersaal ceiling
Detail: cupids strewing roses Kaisersaal ceiling
Jean-Antoine Watteau, A Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717 Note—The first fête galante (“gallant festivity” or scene of gallantry): a charac- teristic type of Rococo painting in which small-scale figures of aristocratic ladies and gentlemen are shown amusing themselves in a garden or parkland setting.
ROCOCO Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717 Rubens, Garden of Love, c. 1638: the ultimate model for Watteau’s fête galante BAROQUE
Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717 Detail: three pairs of lovers, “Cupid,” and the rose-covered statue of Venus
Detail: Venus statue Pilgrimage to Cythera
Detail: lovers with “Cupid” Pilgrimage to Cythera
Detail: other pairs of lovers Pilgrimage to Cythera
Pilgrimage to Cythera Detail: golden boat with cupids fluttering overhead
Pilgrimage to Cythera Fluttering cupids
Another Rococo painting with erotic content Painted for Madame de Pompadour, mistress of King Louis XV, as well as his frequent political adviser. A major patron of the arts, Pompadour has been dubbed the “godmother of the Rococo.” Among other things, the painting alludes to Pompadour’s title role in a play called The Toilet of Venus, performed at Versailles in 1750. François Boucher, TheToilet of Venus, 1751
ROCOCO BAROQUE Boucher, Toilet of Venus, 1751Rubens, Toilet of Venus, c. 1620
Another fête galante with erotic content Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, 1767
Detail: “Ecstasy” of the Baron de St.-Julien Fragonard, The Swing
Statue of Cupid by Falconet, a prominent Rococo sculptor Fragonard, The Swing
Statue of Cupid by Falconet, a prominent Rococo sculptor Clodion, Nymph and Satyr Carousing, c. 1780
BAROQUE ROCOCO Clodion, Nymph and Satyr Carousing, c. 1780 Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-24
Clodion, Nymph and Satyr Carousing, c. 1780 Detail
BAROQUE ROCOCO Clodion, Nymph and Satyr Carousing Bernini, Apollo and Daphne