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Alaa Almagrabi ¹Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University

MES: a System for Location-Aware Smart Messaging in Emergency Situations. Alaa Almagrabi ¹Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Melbourne , Australia ²Departments of Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University

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Alaa Almagrabi ¹Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University

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  1. MES: a System for Location-Aware Smart Messaging in Emergency Situations AlaaAlmagrabi ¹Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Melbourne, Australia ²Departments of Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia aoalmagrabi@students.latrobe.edu.au Seng W. Loke and TorabTorabi Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Melbourne, Australia s.loke@latrobe.edu.au t.torabi@latrobe.edu.au

  2. Outline • Aims • Introduction • The MONA Emergency System (MES): • Concept and Design • MES Mona-ont Ontology • MES architecture • Message Exchange Process • MES Message Context Model Structure (EBNF), MES Services and Proof of Concept • Automatic Messaging • Manual Messaging • Peer to Peer Communication • Conclusion and Future Work

  3. Aims • The contribution of this work is to introduce an approach that highlight the significance and advantages of using context information for addressing and messaging purposes during hazard times. We designed the Mona Emergency System (or MES, for short) to improve the flow and the content of the messages during risky periods. • Define a methodology that receives and distributes warning messages during hazards or emergency situations by using our proposed Mona Emergency System (MES). • Provide a new way to describe the message content and receiver using spatial relations.

  4. Introduction • Emergency systems refer to the measures that put in place in order to help effectively deal with disasters within society [1]. • The use of modern technology in disaster management simplifies decision making, saving time and availing help where necessary [2]. • Recently, in communication, context information is utilized as substitute to previous addressing methods such as IP addresses [3].

  5. Introduction • Context-aware computing began over a decade ago. • Context is described as location, nearby people and objects, and changes to those objects over time [4]. • Context can be categorized into user context, physical context and network context [5]. • We define context-awareness in applications as the use of any information related to the user’s situation in order for the application to progress and execute a task.

  6. The Mona Emergency System (MES) • Concept and Design • Generate alert messages during danger situations. • Improve the flow of exchanged information between the actors within the system. • The system uses real-time context information. • The MES employs spatial relations, qualitative and quantitative.

  7. The MONA Emergency System (MES): Motivating Scenario Motivating scenario: the MES’ spatial overall view over a (fictional) fire at Latrobe University

  8. MES Mona-ont Ontology

  9. Expanded Mona-ont Ontology for Fire Situation

  10. MES architecture • Actor. • Database. • Disaster Management Unit.

  11. Message Exchange process Message exchange among the system’s client-server components

  12. Message Context Model Structure (EBNF) and Proof of Concept • The automatic messaging mode: • Offers automatic messaging without involving human decisions once the danger occurs. • The system starts sending messages to every actor within the region. • Inform them about the danger as well as the nearest safe POI, the current danger zones, and the actors available in that zone.

  13. Automatic Message Structure (EBNF) <message>::= <actor1>+ <danger_type> <affected_area> <danger_distance> <POI_name> <POI_location> <POI_distance> <actor1> ::= <survivor_ID> <danger_type> ::= “fire” | “flood” | “earthquake” |“nuclear_danger” <affected_area> ::= “red_zone” | “yellow_zone” | “blue_zone” <danger_distance> ::= “945” | “775” | “534”. <POI_name> ::= “lake” | “hospital” |“evacuation_center” | “school” | “playground” <POI_location> ::=”Bundoora” | “Reservoir”| “Kingsbury” <POI_distance> ::= “0.25” | “0.775” | “0.999”

  14. Automatic Messaging Mode (a) On the server-side (b) On the client-side

  15. Manual Messaging Mode • Allows a human to specify, in structured English and using qualitative spatial relations, who will receive what messages. • For example, the administrator of the system can message the actors depending on their current zone as well as the nearest POI. The manually sent message is structured as follows (in EBNF): <message>::= <actor>+ <affected_area>[<POI_name> <POI_location>] <custom_message> <actor> :: = <survivor _ID > <affected_area> :: = “red_zone” | “yellow_zone” | “blue_zone”. Note: <survivor_ID> ∈ <survivor>.

  16. Manual Messaging Mode Manually send a message to a group of survivors using particular spatial relationships

  17. Manual Messaging Mode Manually send a message to a some of the survivors using particular spatial relationships

  18. Peer to Peer Communication • The MES’ peer-to-peer message content structure is designed the same as the automatic messaging mode plus a custom message. Fig. 8. Disaster automatic messaging via a peer-to-peer model

  19. Conclusion and Future work • Context-awareness captures and represents the user’s physical and social environments • The MES is designed to improve the flow of information that is received by the survivors, and to make it easy to send messages to survivors via spatial relationships. • spatial relationships are also used to direct the survivors in certain situations, during the hazard time, to safe POIs.

  20. Conclusion and Future Work • Sending geographical information using a map that will show the direction to the nearest safe POI as well as the danger locations. • Provide online services to rescuers to access the MES via the mobile Internet, and to further evaluate the performance of our system.

  21. References [1] J. Berry, “Spatial Reasoning for Effective GIS”. John Wiley & Sons, 1996. [2] G. Bonham-Carter, “Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modelling with GIS”. Pergamon, 1994. [3] L. Geiger, F. Durr, and K. Rothermel, “On Context-aware Communication Mechanism, Communications”, ICC '09. IEEE International, 2009. [4] B. Schilit, D. Theimer, and M. Marvin, “Disseminating Active Map Information to Mobile Hosts”, In: IEEE Network, Vol. 8 No. 5, 1994, pp. 22-32. [5] W. Liu, X. Li, and D. Huang, “A Survey on Context Awareness”., Computer Science and Service System (CSSS), International Conference, 2011, pp.144-147.

  22. Thank you for your attention Any Question Please email to: aoalmagrabi@students.latrobe.edu.au

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