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Exploring Histology: Understanding Tissues and their Functions

Learn about the study of tissues, including epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue, their characteristics, classifications, and functions in the body. Discover the role of epithelial cells in protection, absorption, and more. Unravel the importance of connective tissue in binding, supporting, and protecting body parts. Explore the functions of muscle tissue in movement and the essential role of nervous tissue in regulating body functions.

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Exploring Histology: Understanding Tissues and their Functions

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  1. HISTOLOGY THE STUDY OF TISSUES

  2. GENERAL • Tissue = Cells with similar structure & function organized into groups or layers • Four major types: • Epithelial (Covers or lines surfaces, found in glands) • Connective (Bind & support body parts) • Muscle (Movement) • Nervous (Detect changes & transmit info.)

  3. CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE • Covers all body surfaces inside & out • Many tightly packed cells, usually arranged into layers • Free surface & basement membrane • Functions: protection, absorption, sensation, secretion • High rate of cell division (healing) • Avascular (rely on diffusion)

  4. Epithelial Cell Surface

  5. CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE • Layers • Simple (one layer) • Stratified (>1 layer; Note: only cells at surface have characteristic shape) • Shapes • Squamous • Cuboidal • Columnar • Transitional

  6. CONNECTIVE TISSUE - GENERAL • Few cells widely spaced in non-living matrix • Matrix may be solid, semi-solid, fluid • Largest % of tissue by weight; found in all body parts • Binds, protects, supports • May be vascular

  7. CONNECTIVE TISSUE - GENERAL • Fibroblast • Most common cell • Secretes fibers • Collagen – strong, flexible, structural • Elastic – stretch & recoil • Reticular – highly branched, supportive • Differs in type & amount of fibers in matrix • Loose or dense; regular or irregular

  8. MUSCLE TISSUE • Contract, provide movement • 3 types: • Skeletal (attached to bones) • Smooth (hollow organs) • Cardiac (heart)

  9. NERVOUS TISSUE • Regulate, coordinate, body functions • Brain, spinal cord, nerves • 2 types of cells: • Neuron (nerve cell) • Most specialized cell in body • Conducts (Transmission of nerve impulse) • Neuroglia (“nerve glue”) • Assist neurons (bind, protect, supply)

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