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September 17, 2008 OBELE Brownson O . brownson@icu.ac.kr

IEEE NGMAST 2008 Fixed Mobile Convergence: A Self-Aware QoS Architecture for Converging WiMAX and GEPON Access Networks Obele Brownson and Kang Minho. September 17, 2008 OBELE Brownson O . brownson@icu.ac.kr. Agenda. Abstract. 1. 2. Introduction. 3.

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September 17, 2008 OBELE Brownson O . brownson@icu.ac.kr

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  1. IEEE NGMAST 2008 Fixed Mobile Convergence: A Self-Aware QoS Architecture for Converging WiMAX and GEPON Access NetworksObele Brownson and Kang Minho September 17, 2008 OBELE Brownson O. brownson@icu.ac.kr

  2. Agenda Abstract 1 2 Introduction 3 The Converged WiMAX-GEPON Architecture 4 Simulation Results Conclusion 5 References 6

  3. 1.1 Abstract • The access network has remained the bottleneck in efforts to deliver bandwidth intensive new-generation applications and services to subscribers • In the wired access network, GEPON is a promising technology for relieving this bottleneck while GEPON’s counterpart in wireless access networks, is WiMAX • A converged quadruple-service (video, voice, data and mobility) enabled access network, which takes full advantage of the strengths and weaknesses of each of these remarkable technologies, no doubt makes an attractive new-generation access network solution

  4. 1.2 NABC Summary • Access networks that are robust, have high bandwidth, low cost, deep coverage, support mobility, quick to roll-out, rich QoS support • Video, voice, data and mobility in the access network Needs • Integration of the pros of GEPON – Low cost, low error-rate, reliability • and high bandwidth with the pros of WiMAX – deep coverage, • mobility, rich QoS support, NLOS etc. • GEPON as backhaul for connecting multiple dispersed WiMAX BSs Approach • Almost seamless integration as both GEPON and WiMAX have a • broadcast-and-select style downlink and a shared uplink • A cost effective and true First Mile solution with quadruple services • An attractive FMC solution for new-generation access networks Benefits • FMC Solutions • Integration of WiMAX & other PON types • Integration of Wifi or other wireless techs & PON types • Non FMC Solutions • EPON and WiMAX deployed separately Competition

  5. 2. Introduction

  6. 2.1 Introduction • GEPON (IEEE 802.3ah) • A promising optical-fiber based new-generation wired access network technology, which provides low-cost high bandwidth access over longer distances to the curb, FTTC; to the building, FTTB; or directly to the home, FTTH • No active elements in the signals path from source to destination • Broadcast-and-select style downstream and a shared upstream • Connectionless and provides DiffServe QoS • Defines seven (7) QoS classes • OLT aggregates BW requests from ONUs and schedules the shared upstream • WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) • A promising low cost new-generation wireless access network technology with high bandwidth, mobility, NLOS, and finely provisioned QoS • Connection / flow oriented technology with IntServe QoS Provisioning • Defines five (5) QoS classes: UGS, rtPS, ertPS, nrtPS, and BE • BS aggregates BW requests from SSs and schedules the shared upstream

  7. 2.2 Why Converge WiMAX and GEPON? • They both have a broadcast-and-select style downlink and a shared uplink • They are both low-cost, high bandwidth, and far-reach new-generation access network technologies, but they operate over different interfaces (wired and wireless interfaces respectively) • Their convergence makes a very attractive solution for low-cost, far-reach, fine-grained QoS, and QPS(video, voice, data and mobility) enabled new-generation converged wired-wireless access networks

  8. 3. The Converged WiMAX-GEPON Architecture

  9. 3.1 Proposed Convergence Architecture • Traditional GEPON / WIMAX subscribers are supported via wired / wireless connections to the ONU-BS • The OLT is retained at it’s CO location • GEPON ONUs and WiMAX BSs are replaced with a single CPE –> ONU-BS • eSSs and wSSs connected to the same ONU-BS form a LAN -> the ONU-BS switches inbound traffic between them • Can be implemented over already deployed PONs; ONUs would simply be replaced by the converged ONU-BSs • Eliminates the network-wide single point of failure found in OLT-BS convergence models • Reduced queuing delay and probability of packet drop at the user-nodes compared with OLT-BS models • Decentralized architecture reduces latency and enables quicker scheduling

  10. 3.2 The Converged WiMAX-GEPON Architecture • We present a network, which studies the traffic behavior of its attached subscriber stations over time and adjusts its procedures and algorithms to suite this observed behavior • Specifically, the network observes and learns the traffic arrival rate / behavior at the eSSs, wSSs, and ONU-BSs; and then attempts to fairly estimate instantaneous queue sizes, so as to be able to predict overall network load at any point in time • This knowledge can be applied to improve QoS and overall network performance by dynamically adapting to the true nature of network traffic • The converged network supports integrated multimedia (video, audio, and data) services, which is a key to revenue generation, customer satisfaction, and ultimately, the key for the survival of service providers • In the converged network, communication between the ONU-BS and wSSs is via WiMAX PDUs; while for ONU-BS <-> eSS <-> OLT, it’s via Ethernet PDUs

  11. 3.3 QoS Mapping and ONU-BS Queues • Proposed Mapping of GEPON and WiMAX QoS Queues • Proposed set of Queues for both the OLT, and the Converged ONU-BS

  12. 3.4 Converged ONU-BS Architecture

  13. 3.5.1 Proposed Amendments to GEPON • Unlike in normal GEPON, REPORTs don’t have to come at the end of a GRANT window • All ONU-BSs in the network, work co-operatively to ensure an improved overall network performance • When there are newly arriving high priority traffic or an increased arrival rate of packets during an ONU-BS’s GRANT window, the ONU-BS should send a timely request to the OLT for a possible extension of its GRANT window or an earlier rescheduling • This is based on the assumption that the OLT has sufficient information regarding the network (obtained through the network learning process) to suggest that other nodes will not fully utilize their minimum guaranteed grant

  14. 3.5.2 Proposed Amendments to GEPON • The OLT grants this extension request, if and only if the probability of other ONU-BSs starving is within an agreed acceptable range for the network • REPORTs contain time within which the queued packets arrived; enabling the OLT better predict the arrival of more packets before the REPORT is served • A network-wide fair, minimum grant time per ONU-BS, which is based on the UGS queues is computed at the OLT • ONU-BSs are sequentially polled to transmit for at least this minimum time slot with the actual GRANT time depending on observed total network load • ONU-BSs with nothing to send, working co-operatively, will promptly inform the OLT during their minimum time slot, so their allocated slot can be terminated and the next ONU-BS polled

  15. 4. Simulation Results

  16. 4.1 Simulation Results Fig. 4. Average End-to-End Delay in Seconds Fig. 5. Throughput of the OSC to OLT uplink

  17. 5. Conclusion

  18. 5.1 Conclusion • We’ve reviewed WiMAX and GEPON access networks; and discussed the enormous benefits and good market sense we believe their convergence brings; • We’ve proposed a self-aware QoS architecture for such a convergence, which requires some modifications to the traditional GEPON to make it self-aware and thus helps to improve both the performance of the converged network and GEPON; • We showed the results of simulation experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed converged network; and • As future work, we are deriving closed form mathematical expressions of the queuing time and end-to-end delay per QoS class under both Poisson and Self-Similar traffic conditions, because it helps the understanding of the network and facilitates the provisioning of tightly bound QoS parameters to end-users

  19. 6. References

  20. References • Shen, G., Tucker, R. S., Chae, C. J., “Fixed Mobile Convergence Architectures for Broadband Access: Integration of EPON and WiMAX,” IEEE Communications Magazine, August 2007 • Luo, Y., Yin, S., Wang, T., Suemura, Y., Nakamura, S., Ansari, N., Cvijetic, M., “Qos-Aware Scheduling over Hybrid Optical Wireless Networks,” OFC/NFOEC 2007, March 25-29, 2007 • Luo, Y., Wang, T., Weinstein, S., Cvijetic, M., Nakamura, S., “Integrating Optical and Wireless Services in the Access Network,” OFC/NFOEC, 2006 • Luo, Y., Ansari, N., Wang, T., Cvijetic, M., Nakamura, S., “A QoS Architecture of Integrating GEPON and WiMAX in the Access Network,” IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2006, Princeton, New Jersey, March 2006 • Luo, Y., Yin, S., Ansari, N., Wang, T., “Resource Management for Broadband Access Over Time-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks,” IEEE Network, September/October 2007 • Kramer, G., Mukhejee, B., Pesavento, G., “IPACT: A Dynamic Protocol for an Ethernet PON (EPON),” IEEE Communications Magazine, February 2002

  21. References • Kramer, G., Mukhejee, B., “Supporting differentiated classes of service in Ethernet passive optical networks,” Journal of Optical Networking, vol. 1, Nos. 8&9, August/September 2002 • Rajen Datta, “WiMAX 802.16e timing requirements & TimeMAX”, http://ngn.symmetricom.com/pdf/WiMAXandTimeMAX_Ext_v5.pdf, July 2007 • WiMAX Forum, “Mobile WiMAX – Part I: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation,” August 2006 • WiMAX Forum, “Mobile WiMAX – Part II: A Comparative Analysis,” May 2006 • Xhafa, A. E., Kangude, S., Lu, X., “MAC Performance of IEEE 802.16e,” IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 685-689, September 2005 • Bhandari, B. N., Kumar, R. V. R., Maskara, S. L., “Uplink Performance of IEEE802.16 Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer Protocol,” IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, 2005

  22. Acronyms

  23. Acronyms • UGS Unsolicited Grant Service • rtPS real-time Polling Service • ertPS extended real-time Polling Service • nrtPS non real-time Polling Service • BS Best Effort • FMC Fixed and Mobile Convergence • EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Forum • NLOS Non Line Of Sight • QoS Quality of Service • DL Downlink / Downstream • UL Uplink / Upstream • MAC Media Access Control • ONU Optical Network Unit • CID Connection Identifier • BW Bandwidth • BS Base Station • SS Subscribed Station • OLT Optical Line Terminal • SPoF Single Point of Failure • QPS Quadruple Play Service

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