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CHAPTER 4 Symbiotic Relationships

CHAPTER 4 Symbiotic Relationships. LG’s: Characterize scenarios as mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic Create your own symbiotic scenarios. If a single plant species is removed from a food web, then most likely –. A an animal species will fill the unoccupied niche

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CHAPTER 4 Symbiotic Relationships

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  1. CHAPTER 4 Symbiotic Relationships LG’s: Characterize scenarios as mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic Create your own symbiotic scenarios

  2. If a single plant species is removed from a food web, then most likely – A an animal species will fill the unoccupied niche B other plants will produce enough food for herbivores C dependent herbivores will have to find new food sources or eventually die off D carnivores will be unaffected by the loss CPS

  3. A food pyramid represents the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid? A C B D CPS

  4. COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS • Competition • Compete for resources in order to survive • Predation • Predator and prey relationship • Symbiosis • Relationship between 2 organisms in which at least 1 organism benefits

  5. PREDATION Predator—does the killing Hawk Prey—the organism that is being eaten Mouse OR

  6. CPS

  7. MUTUALISM ( +, + ) • “mutual” means “both benefits” or “reciprocal relationship” • Mutualism—both benefit, neither are hurt • Example: (+, +) • Flowers and bees • Flowers and bees both benefit: Flowers are pollinated by bees; bees receive nectar that flowers produced. Neither are hurt in this process

  8. Mutualism

  9. COMMENSALISM ( +, 0 ) • One organism benefits • The other is NOT harmed and does NOT benefit • Example: (+, o) • Barnacles on a whale • Barnacles grow and receive nutrients while on the whale. The whale is not harmed and does not benefit from the barnacles.

  10. Commensalism

  11. PARASITISM ( +, - ) • One organism benefits • The other isharmed • Example: (+, -) • Tapeworms, fleas, ticks • Animal is harmed. The tapeworm, flea, or tick benefits, receiving nutrients from animal’s body.

  12. Parasitism

  13. In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it. CPS This relationship is an example of — A. predation B. parasitism C. mutualism D. commensalism

  14. After being introduced in the 1930s, the fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) became established throughout much of the southern United States. One biological way to control fire ants might be to introduce organisms that are — A. mutualistic with fire ant queens B. nurtured by fire ant workers C. preyed on by fire ant drones D. parasitic to fire ant larvae CPS

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