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INTRODUCTION.

1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR. VALENCIA (SPAIN). 24th- 26th OCTOBER 2002. Ventilation and Standards by Eric.F.Curd. INTRODUCTION. CONSIDERATIONS:-. Control of air purity in the workspace. Current standards. Ventilation factors. Toxic gases,dusts and vapours.

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INTRODUCTION.

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  1. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR.VALENCIA (SPAIN). 24th- 26th OCTOBER 2002.Ventilation and Standardsby Eric.F.Curd.

  2. INTRODUCTION. CONSIDERATIONS:-. • Control of air purity in the workspace. • Current standards. • Ventilation factors.

  3. Toxic gases,dusts and vapours. • Aerosol deposition in the lungs depends on:- • Physical factors. • Chemical factors.

  4. PHYSICAL FACTORS INCLUDE. • Inhalation. • Most common, as between 10 -20 m3 of air enters the lungs each day. • Cuts and skin immersion. • Through the digestive tract.

  5. BODIES DEFENCE MECHANISMS. • Depends on many complex factors. • Gravitational.(physical size and mass). • Kinetic Impact removal. (Cilla). • Viscous forces. (Mucus viscosity). • Brownian movement.(Effective for less than • 0.1μm). • Agglomeration. (Bonding). • Electric charges. • Condensation. • Thermal forces Molecular forces proportional to • temperature difference and particulate diameter.

  6. ATMOSPHERIC IMPURITIES. • Consist of Permanent and man made • Permanent atmospheric impurities consist of:- • Sea spray. • Wind erosion of soil rock and building material. • Wind carried pollen. • Volcanic pollutants. • Evaporation. • Radio activity. • Man made pollutants consisting of:- • SO2;CO;CO2;NOx from various combustion processes. • Products from chemical,metallurgical processes etc. • Radioactivity. • Internal pollutants, smoking, cleaning products etc.

  7. Contaminant Considerations. • Type of contaminant present, inorganic/organic. • The physical state of the contaminant,gaseous or particulate. • Visible or invisible. • Toxic or non toxic. • Radioactive. • Sub microscopic,microscopic or macroscopic. • The method of collection. • Proximity to the process. • etc.

  8. Classification. • Dust.(from abrasion).(Grit above 100μm) • Fumes.(0.001 - 1.0μm). • Viruses.(0.005 - 0.1μm). • Bacteria.(0.5 - 4.0μm). • Pollens.(10-100μm).Allergies (20-40μm). • Fungi spores.(10-30μm). • Mists and fogs. (0.01 - 1.0μm). • Gases and vapours. (0.01 - 1.0μm). • Dangerous size (below 5.0μm).

  9. HEALTH EFFECTS. • RESPIRATORY. • FERTILITY. • BIRTH DEFECTS. • DERMATITIS. • ORGAN DAMAGE. • BLOOD DISORDERS. • CANCER. • ETC. • IMMEDIATE ILLNESS (ACUTE). • LONG TERM (CHRONIC).

  10. STANDARDS. • NATIONAL. • EUROPEAN (CEN). • INTERNATIONAL (ISO). • INVENT CONSIDERATIONS.

  11. CHALLENGE. • HISTORY OVER 7000 YEARS. • KHUFA PYRAMID 4700 BC. • HUMBURABI 1750BC. • HIPPOCRETES 460-377BC. LEAD TOXICITY. • PLINEY THE ELDER 23-79AD LEAD AND SILVER • TOXICITY. • GALEN 130-200AD ACID MISTS. • LEGISLATION IN LONDON 1273 REGARDING COAL. • LEONARD DA VINCI 1452-1519 FAN. • GEORGIOUS AGRICOLA 1495-1555 De Re • METALLICA. • UK DURING 18-19 CENTURY. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • NAVY AND SLAVE SHIPS.

  12. CHALLENGE OF ASSOCIATED SCIENCES. • PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH. • CHEMICAL HEALTH HAZARDS. • PHYSICAL HEALTH HAZARDS. • BIOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS. • TOXICOLOGY,EPIDEMIOLOGY &PATHOLOGY. • ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. • LEGAL REQUIREMENTS.

  13. CHALLENGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY. • HEALTH PROBLEMS, ANIMALS AND PLANTS. • OZONE LAYER BREAKDOWN. • GREEN HOUSE EFFECT. • ENERGY USE. • SAFE COLLECTION OF GASES ETC. • RECOVERY AND RECYCLING. • SOUND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN. • KEEPING UP TO DATE WITH CHANGE. • SOUND ENGINEERING DESIGN.

  14. CHALLENGE OF EDUCATIONAL INVOLVEMENT. • UNIVERSITIES MUST INSTILL INTO STUDENTS:- • SIMPLICITY TO WONDER. • ABILITY TO QUESTION. • THE POWER TO GENERALISE. • THE CAPACITY TO APPLY.

  15. CHALLENGE OF COMMUNICATION. • DEFINITION OF WORK AREA. • WHO IS THE TARGET AUDIENCE? • WHO WILL USE THE STANDARD? • WHAT DO THEY WANT? • IDENTIFY OVERLAPPING STANDARDS. • ENSURE NO CONFLICT OR DUPLICATION • INTERNATIONALY. • CORRECT PLANT OPERATION. • INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING. • ETC.

  16. VENTILATION CONSIDERATIONS. • METHODS OF VENTILATION. • NATURAL. • MECHANICAL EXTRACT- INDUCED INLET. • MECHANICAL INLET -FORCED EXTRACT. • MECHANICAL INLET -MECHANICAL EXTRACT.

  17. METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION. • UPWARD VENTILATION (DISPLACEMENT) • DOWNWARDS VENTILATION. • CROSSWISE VENTILATION. • MIXED UPWARDS- DOWNWARDS VENTILATION.

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