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Protocol

Protocol. Ebrahim Ali March 2007. Content. Appetizer Background Problem Impact Prevention Legal Framework Motorizer. Appetizer. Background. Assignment Climate Change. Climate change. refers to the variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time.

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Protocol

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  1. Protocol Ebrahim Ali March 2007

  2. Content • Appetizer • Background • Problem • Impact • Prevention • Legal Framework • Motorizer

  3. Appetizer

  4. Background • Assignment • Climate Change

  5. Climate change refers to the variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time.

  6. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) -1992

  7. Problem The problem is that human activity is making the blanket "thicker". The most direct result, says the scientific consensus, is likely to be a "global warming" of 1.5 to 4.5 C over the next 100 years. Apparent temperature increase of 0.5 oC since the pre-industrial period before 1850.

  8. Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans.

  9. Impact • Climate • Environment • Economy

  10. Prevention • Technological • Ecological

  11. Legal Framework

  12. Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol, an international and legally binding agreement to reduce greenhouse gases emissions world wide, entered into force on 16 February 2005.

  13. Kyoto Protocol shares the Convention’s objective, principles and institutions, but significantly strengthens the Convention by committing Annex I Parties to individual, legally-binding targets to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

  14. Annex IParties include the industrialized countries that were members of the OECD plus countries with economies in transition. Annex II Parties consist of the OECD members of Annex I. Non-Annex I Parties are mostly developing countries.

  15. Annex A • Greenhouse gases • - Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous oxide (N2O) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) • Sectors/source categories

  16. Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol

  17. The UNFCCC Secretariat supports all institutions involved in the climate change process, particularly the COP, the subsidiary bodies and their Bureau.  Since August 1996, the secretariat has been located in Bonn, Germany.

  18. The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the "supreme body" of the Convention; it is the highest decision-making authority.  It is an association of all the countries that are Parties to the Convention.  The COP meets every year, unless the Parties decide otherwise.

  19. The Convention established two permanent subsidiary bodies: the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI). These bodies give advice to the COP and each has a specific mandate. The SBSTA and the SBI traditionally meet in parallel, at least twice a year.

  20. Latest Meeting 6 - 17 November 2006 United Nations Office at Nairobi, Gigiri Kenya hosted the second meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 2), in conjunction with the twelfth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP 12), in Nairobi from 6 to 17 November 2006

  21. COP 13 and COP/MOP 3 Conference of the Parties (COP), Thirteenth session and Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP), Third session. 03 Dec -14 Dec 2007

  22. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) • to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention • to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments.

  23. subject to the authority and guidance of COP. • supervised by an executive board of the CDM. • Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities • assist in arranging funding of certified project activities. • A share of proceeds to cover administrative expenses and assist cost of adaptation. • Certified emission reductions since the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in compliance.

  24. Meetings • Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers • Review of implementation. • shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless decided otherwise. • Extraordinary meeting to be supported by at least one third of the Parties. • Observers participation. • SBSTA and SBI meetings.

  25. Authentic Languages • Arabic • Chinese • English • French • Russian • Spanish

  26. Amendments • Proposed by any Party. • Adopted at an ordinary session. • Communicated to Parties by secretariat before at least 6 months of the meeting. • Agreed by consensus or by a ¾ majority vote. • Adopted amendment is communicated by Secretariat to the Depository, who circulates it to the COP for acceptance. • Depositary: UN Secretary-General.

  27. Signature: 16 March 1998 – 15 March 1997 (NY Headquarter) Accession: After 15 March 1999 Effect: in the 19th day after after the date on which >=55 Parties de[position. No reservations be made.

  28. Withdrawal • After 3 years of becoming into force for a Party. • By written notification to the Depositary. • Takes effect after at least 1 year of the notification. • Withdrawal from the convention.

  29. References • Kyoto Protocol • UNFCCC • Wikipedia

  30. Motorizer Ebrahim Ali

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