Railway Measuring and Monitoring Systems: Requirements and Specifications

1. Requirement specifications for railway measuring and monitoring systemsMarco Antognoli, Cristiano Marinacci, Stefano Ricci, Luca Rizzetto Grant Agreement number: 826250 - Assets4Rail - H2020-S2RJU-2018/H2020-S2RJU-OC-2018 XXIII Seminario Scientifico SIDTSocietà Italiana dei Docenti di Trasporti11-13 SETTEMBRE 2019

2. SUMMARY Project overview Project mainobjective WS2 - Railway Measuring and Monitoring Systems WP6 - Benchmarks and Specifications Task 6.1 - Drivers, Benchmarks and Emerging Solutions Task 6.2 - Specifications of requirements Track geometry monitoring Measurement of the transversal position of the wheel in relation to the rail Analytics tools for comparison of sensors and their affixation

3. PROJECT OVERVIEW Assets4rail has began in December 2018 and will last 30 months.It focuses on measuring, monitoring, data handling for railway assets; bridges, tunnels, tracks and safety systems.The project is structured into two Workstreams. WORK STREAM 1Monitoring and upgrading solutionsaddressed to bridges and tunnels. WORK STREAM 2Monitoring solutions for trains and trackgeometry & data collection from fail-safesystems.

4. PROJECT MAIN OBJECTIVE To achieve cost efficient and reliable infrastructure How? developing a set of cutting-edge asset-specific measuring and monitoringdevices WS1 WS2

5. WS2 - RAILWAY MEASURING AND MONITORING SYSTEMS Study, design and development of “Read/write RFID tags” for trains RFID Automatic features measurement configuration tools and processes Models that quantify the impact of a given measured defect on the infrastructure Data from fail-safe systems: Collection solutions (HD and SW) designed to achieve seamless safety approval Development of “stereo images” systems for measurements of defects on rolling stock Development of an underframeimage monitoring system System/sensor to measure the transversal position of the wheel in relation to the rail

6. WP6 - BENCHMARKS AND SPECIFICATIONS It is structured into two tasks.Task 6.1 - Drivers, Benchmarks and Emerging Solutions The objective has been to identify drivers, benchmarks and emerging solutions, not only within the railway sector, and assess the potentially applicable technologies and solutions related to the further developments in: Train monitoring systems (WP7) Sensor systems for track geometry monitoring (WP8) Data collection for diagnostics from signalling components (WP9) Task 6.2 Specifications of requirementsThis task has focused on the definition of requirement specifications for the system developments and testing.

7. Task 6.1 - Drivers, Benchmarks and Emerging Solutions Topics Wayside train monitoring system • Data collection for diagnostics from signalling components Sensor system for track geometry monitoring Main findings

8. Task 6.2 - Specifications of requirements This task develops a hierarchical System Breakdown Structure (SBS) considering the candidate technologies identified in Task 6.1.These requirements have been classified into functional, operational, performance and safety and will be the basis for WP7, WP8 and WP9, which will serve as a validation for them. (WP7) (WP8) (WP9)

9. Task 6.2 - Specifications of requirements System Breakdown Structure (SBS) (WP7) (WP9) (WP8) TRACK GEOMETRY MONITORING

10. Track geometry monitoring System Breakdown Structure (SBS) 200000 TRACK GEOMETRY MONITORING 210000 SENSOR SYSTEM FOR WHEEL/RAIL RELATIVE POSITION 211000 HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY 212000 COMMUNICATION INTERFACES 213000 SOFTWARE POST-PROCESSING

11. Track geometry monitoring Sensor System for wheel/rail relative position

12. Track geometry monitoring Hardware technology

13. Track geometry monitoring Comunication interfaces Software Post-Processing

14. Measurement of the transversal position of the wheel in relation to the rail Candidate technologies selected in WP6 Direct measurements • Lasers • High speed cameras • Stereo cameras • Thermo cameras Indirect measurements • Accelerations • Ultrasonic reflection

15. Measurement of the transversal position of the wheel in relation to the rail Possible concept The wheel engages the rail according to an angle α and a variable transversal distance. A shaped arm is applied to the axle-box, which carries at the two ends M and N two displacement sensors which detect the distances m and n. The two reference points M and N are aligned on the trace of the plane defined by the inner lateral surface of the wheel-tire. Therefore the average distance (m+n)/2 corresponds to the distance a, to which the thickness of the wheel-flange k must be subtracted to have the wheel-rail distance, and consequently the position of the contact point.

16. Wheel lateral displacement: an application 1 of 2 An example of application of the proposed measurement scheme is that used to measure the relative position of the boogie and the track on line B of the Rome underground. The aim of the measure system was to detect the position of the boogie with respect to the track, in an indirect way measuring the two distances showed in the figure.

17. Wheel lateral displacement: an application 2 of 2 In this case the measurement was carried out using lasers and optical sensors, the laser beam is emitted in the vertical direction downwards, through a mirror placed at 45 ° it is reflected so as to illuminate the inner edge of the rail. Through the optical triangulation, the sensor creates a signal correlated to the total distance covered by the beam. A critical element is the choose of the size of the mirror: if it is too small, it can cause the loss of the linearity between signal and distance, if it is too large it can interfere with the gabarit. In any case, the system worked satisfactorily in the described application. camera Lasermirrorholder laser

18. Analytics tools for comparison of sensors and their affixation

19. Luca Rizzetto Sapienza Università di Roma Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale (DICEA) luca.rizzetto@uniroma1.it Thank you for your attention