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What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?. H H H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) H H Ethanol and it is an alcohol H O-H H H H - C – C – C – C - H H H H H 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol.

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What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

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  1. What are the names of the followingcompounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H • H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) • H H • Ethanol and it is an alcohol • H O-H H H • H - C – C – C – C - H • H H H H • 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol

  2. What are the names of the followingcompounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H • H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) • H H • Ethanol and it is an alcohol • H O-H H H • H - C – C – C – C - H • H H H H • 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol

  3. 2. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H • H-C- C-C=O C=O (carbonyl group) • H H • Propanal and it is an aldehyde • H H H H H • H - C – C – C – C – C = O • H H H H • Pentanal and it is an aldehyde

  4. 2. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H • H-C- C-C=O C=O (carbonyl group) • H H • Propanal and it is an aldehyde • H H H H H • H - C – C – C – C – C = O • H H H H • Pentanal and it is an aldehyde

  5. 3. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H H • H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group) • H O H H H • 2-Pentanone and it is an ketone • H H H H H • H - C – C – C – C – C – C - H • H H H O H H • 3-hexanone and it is an ketone

  6. 3. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H H • H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group) • H O H H H • 2-Pentanone and it is an ketone • H H H H H • H - C – C – C – C – C – C - H • H H H O H H • 3-hexanone and it is an ketone

  7. 4. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H H • H-C- O-C- C-C-H • H H H H • Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether • H H H H H • H - C – C – O – C – C – C - H • H H H H H • ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether

  8. 4. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H H • H-C- O-C- C-C-H • H H H H • Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether • H H H H H • H - C – C – O – C – C – C - H • H H H H H • ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether

  9. 5. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H O • H-C- C- C- C-O-H • H H H • Butanoic acid • H O • H - C – C – O – H • H • Ethanoic acid

  10. 5. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? • H H H O • H-C- C- C- C-O-H • H H H • Butanoic acid • H O • H - C – C – O – H • H • Ethanoic acid

  11. 6.Esters-Raw Materials • Esters are made from the reaction between …. • an alcohol and an …. • organic acid

  12. 6.Esters-Raw Materials • Esters are made from the reaction between …. • an alcohol and an …. • organic acid

  13. 7.Esters-Raw Materials • Organic acids have a carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group • R-COOH R-C-O-H O R differs from one acid to another

  14. 7.Esters-Raw Materials • Organic acids have a carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group • R-COOH R-C-O-H O R differs from one acid to another

  15. 8.Esters-Raw Materials • Alcohols have a hydroxyl functional group • R-O-H R differs from one to another

  16. 8.Esters-Raw Materials • Alcohols have a hydroxyl functional group • R-O-H R differs from one to another

  17. 9. Esterfication • Esters form by… • dehydration synthesis. • Synthesis involves the formation of water from the reactants. • Sulfuric acid is usually used to catalyze the reaction

  18. 9. Esterfication • Esters form by… • dehydration synthesis. • Synthesis involves the formation of water from the reactants. • Sulfuric acid is usually used to catalyze the reaction

  19. 10. Esterfication • R-O-H + H-O-C-R • O • What are the products? • R-O-C-R + H-OO H

  20. 10. Esterfication • R-O-H + H-O-C-R • O • What are the products? • R-O-C-R + H-OO H

  21. 11. Esterfication • R-C-O-H + H-O-R O • What are the products? • R-C-O-R + O-HO H

  22. 11. Esterfication • R-C-O-H + H-O-R O • What are the products? • R-C-O-R + O-HO H

  23. 12. Ester Nomenclature • H H H H H • H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H • H H O H H H • Name? Name? • Ethanol Butanoic acid • Ester structure • H H H H H • H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- H H-O • H H O H H H H • Ester Name? By product • Ethyl butanoate water

  24. 12. Ester Nomenclature • H H H H H • H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H • H H O H H H • Name? Name? • Ethanol Butanoic acid • Ester structure • H H H H H • H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- H H-O • H H O H H H H • Ester Name? By product • Ethyl butanoate water

  25. 13. Ester Nomenclature • H H H H H H H • H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H • H H O H H H H H • Name? Name? • Propanoic acid Pentanol • Ester structure • H H H H H H • H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H H-O • H H O H H H H H • Ester Name? By product • Ethyl butanoate water

  26. 13. Ester Nomenclature • H H H H H H H • H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H • H H O H H H H H • Name? Name? • Propanoic acid Pentanol • Ester structure • H H H H H H • H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H H-O • H H O H H H H H • Ester Name? By product • Pentyl propanoate water

  27. 14. Esters Properties • Can have pleasant odors. • They are used as flavorings in cakes, candies, and other foods and as ingredients in perfumes. • The alcohols and especially the organic acids which make up esters can have very unpleasant odors.

  28. 14. Esters Properties • Can have pleasant odors. • They are used as flavorings in cakes, candies, and other foods and as ingredients in perfumes. • The alcohols and especially the organic acids which make up esters can have very unpleasant odors.

  29. 15. Halogenated Compounds • F H H H F • H-C-C-C-C-C-H • H H F H H • Name? • H H Br H • H-C-C-C-C-H • H F H Cl • Name?

  30. 15. Halogenated Compounds • F H H H F • H-C-C-C-C-C-H • H H F H H • 1,3,5-trifluoro-pentane • H H Br H • H-C-C-C-C-H • H F H Cl • 2-Bromo-1-Choloro-3-Fluoro-butane

  31. 16. Amines • H H H H • H-N-C-C-C-C-H • H H H H H • ? Name • H H H • H-N-C-C-C-N-H • H H H H H • ? Name

  32. 16. Amines • H H H H • H-N-C-C-C-C-H • H H H H H • butanamine • H H H • H-N-C-C-C-N-H • H H H H H • 1,4 butandiamine

  33. 17. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H • H H-C-H • H • How do they differ from each other?

  34. 17. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H • H H-C-H • H • The branch off the center carbon differs.

  35. 18. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H • H H-C-H • H • How do these molecules join?

  36. 18. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H • H H-C-H • H • The molecules join by dehydration synthesis

  37. 19. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H • H H-C-H • H • What are the products of this synthesis?

  38. 19. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O • H H-C-H H • H • Dipeptide

  39. 20. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O • H H-C-H H • H • What codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide/protein?

  40. 20. Amino Acids • H H O H H O • H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O • H H-C-H H • H • DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide / protein.

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